Market Segmentation Strategy of the Nokia Company in Business Markets Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Market segmentation is one of the approaches used by many business farms in the modern day to market their products. The concept of segmenting the market emerged to replace mass marketing, which viewed the market as a single unit with similar needs. Contrary to such an approach, market segmentation appreciates the fact that the entire market is comprised of smaller segments with each segment exhibiting different features. The focus of business farms is to identify one of these segments and understand their needs and expectations critically. After understanding the needs of the market segment, the company can then launch products that target the specific segment. Marketing strategies used to promote such products suit the identified market segments (Hassan, Craft, Kortam 2003, p. 446). Successful market segmentation is comprised of numerous steps. The first step is the recognition that users of products and their unique needs define the market. After the recognition that the market has a diverse range of users, who have different needs, business firms focus on dividing the market into segments of the users. Usually, the division has its basis on the defining characteristics of the individuals in each group as well as their exhibited consumer behaviors. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Segmentation Strategy of the Nokia Company in Business Markets or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page 6). Demographic segmentation is one of the common types of approaches used in market segmentation. It relies on demographic factors such as gender, race, age, education level, income, type of occupation, and finally the stage of life. Business firms group consumer markets based on any of these factors.

Rock And Roll Influence Of African American Culture

â€Å"Rock music is important to people, because it allows them to escape this crazy world. It allows them not to run away from the problems that are there, but to face up to them, but at the same time sort of DANCE ALL OVER THEM. That s what rock and roll is about† (Pete Townshend). The concept of rock and roll music had eased into the music industry in a time after a crippling war and a great depression. The mid to late 20th century was home to innovation, rebellious teens, and a devastating war..The introduction of rock music has influenced our country and molded it in many ways as the genre progressed and has found a place in our culture. The thing that really started rock and roll was the influence of African American culture in gospel and blues. The genres had spun from the sad hearts of those oppressed because of their race and the wars that had come and gone. The event named â€Å"The Great Migration† brought large sums of African Americans to the North from the grooving South. With the movement came spans of different music and tastes accustomed to their home. The slow, chill vibes of gospel and the blues drew many people of different ethnicities and statuses to its attractive humm. But sadly, because of segregation and racism, songs didn’t get much time on the radio. However, a DJ out of Cleveland named Alan Freed began a Rhythm Blues show on his radio station. This grew the genre and eventually Freed came up with the term â€Å"Rock and Roll† . Soon enough, everyone had aShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans Influence On Music1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s day and age, it’ s easy to hear black culture represented in most hip-hop; that is the dominating music genre that expresses African American views. It’s not so easy to remember where African Americans influence on music al began. Black influence on music today is really unrecognized but it’s important to bring to light just how much African Americans really have contributed to the sound, style, and feel of today’s music. Not just hip-hop or rap, but all kinds of music. There was one particularRead MoreA Perspective Of Rock And Roll s Impact On Society1653 Words   |  7 PagesA Perspective of Rock and Roll’s Impact on Society â€Å"Rock and roll keeps you in a constant state of juvenile delinquency,† stated Eddie Spaghetti; this quote captures the essence of rock n roll. It speaks it s truth about the influence on attitudes towards authority and implies how society reacted to the new revolution created by Rock ‘n roll, transforming the world into what it has become today. The music affected how people used recreational drugs, having unmarried sex, and threatened the traditionalRead MoreThe Effect of Rock and Roll on American Society694 Words   |  3 PagesRock and roll was not just a new generation of music; it was music that created a new generation. Rock and roll had a transformative effect on American society because it encouraged younger people to break out of the more conservative American mold, increased the use of technology in daily life, as well as implemented civil rights movements that bolstered minority groups and races. Rock and roll helped break many people out of the pre-war mindset and into a new, fresh one. Although many adults detestedRead MoreThe Impact of Rock n Roll on the Civil Rights Movement1590 Words   |  7 PagesIt was no coincidence that rock ‘n’ roll and the civil rights movement started at the same time. The genre originated from African American music and was greatly discriminated against. Traditional white Americans would target anything bad about it. But as the teenager demographic of the 1950s started increasing the sales of the music, the genre started gaining more popularity. It was the style of Elvis Presley and his new voice that made girls weak in the knees and boys want to be him. Artists suchRead MoreBand Music : Rock And Roll Music1383 Words   |  6 PagesRock and Rolls Music The United States is the origin of rock and roll music. It evolved as a popular music in the 1940’s and 1950’s from a combination of Afro-American genres such as jazz, blues, country music, gospel music. Rock and roll music has some elements that are evident in blues and country music of 1920’s. However, Rock music attained its status and name in 1950’s. Saxophone and Piano were the first instruments to be used in the performance of rock and roll music but were later supplementedRead MoreThe Origins Of Rock And Roll1090 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"African Americans invented Rock and Roll, without their musical contributions we would not have the genre.† As an eager, attentive History 105 student I have had to opportunity to learn a great deal about the origins of the genre of Rock and Roll. The origin, even though many historians have attempted to determine exactly where it came from, is still unknown. Rock and Roll is a blend of Gospel, Jazz, Blues , Hillbilly, Rhythm and Blues and many more types of music. Throughout this essay I will tryRead MoreEssay about Sam Phillips, the Father of Rock and Roll871 Words   |  4 PagesRock and Roll has come a long way since 1952 when music business icon Sam Phillips created it. Sam Phillips is considered the father of Rock and Roll. He went against the social normality of segregated music, and produced music that he felt should be made. Even when faced with career ending criticism, Phillips continued on making history. Not only is Sam Phillips responsible for the being the origin of the seemingly everlasting Rock and Roll movement, he segregated music amidst all kinds of culturalRead MoreEssay on Elvis Presley and African American Music1667 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential rock n’ roll performers of the century. If you say â€Å"The King of Rock† everyone will automatically know you are talking about Elvis Presley. Through his music, Elvis paved the road for African Ameri cans to the music world, and he had essentially revolutionized American society and culture. He went against racism and began a whole new revolution for the music industry. In the United States between the 1950s and 1960’s, segregation was present between black and white people. African AmericansRead MoreEvolution Of Jazz And Blues. The Music Styles Of Jazz And1364 Words   |  6 Pagesstyles of Jazz and Blues are both considered to be great American musical art forms (Covach, 2015). These styles are also two very important â€Å"roots† of music and have evolved from the late 19th century and early 20th century to lead to the development of Rock and Roll. Jazz and Blues both originated from African-American communities when slaves were brought over to North America from Africa (Schuller, 1986). As time passed and the culture of America was constantly changing, so was the music of thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Rock And Roll On Society1717 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the entire history of Rock and Roll, it is very apparent just how great of an impact social and cultural change has made on the development of the genre. Society is such a po werful entity and its influences on art are very often overlooked. If one person has the ability to independently influence and conduct change, imagine the available influence that is made possible with society as a whole during notable periods of development and change throughout the history of America. As discussed

Main Themes in The Story Of Mice and Men - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 575 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Of Mice And Men Essay Did you like this example? In the story Of Mice and Men, I found many themes, but one stuck out to me the most as being the main theme of the story. Loneliness. This theme gives the story the distinct feeling it gives the reader. Even though in the story George and Lennie are always with another person we can still see they are lonely. They are not lonely in the traditional sense but they are not understood leaving them completely alone in there mind. George cannot go out and have fun because he feels he must take care of Lennie. In the story, George says God amighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job an work, an no trouble. No mess at all, and when the end of the month come I could take my fifty bucks and go into town and get whatever I want. Why I could stay in a cathouse all night. Hers saying that he feels trapped by Lennie and that if he was without Lennie he could have a good time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Main Themes in The Story Of Mice and Men" essay for you Create order Lennie is also lonely but not in the same way as George. Lennie is not understood because he himself does not understand. Because of Lenniers disability, he is very childlike in the way he thinks of the world. Around him are men that are trying to have good lives. Men trying to make a living. Men that are serious about what they do. Lennie doesnt understand how living away from George really is, this makes him confused and he does not understand what to do or what he might be doing wrong. Even some other less essential characters show signs of being lonely. Crooks is a black man that tends to the horses. Because of his skin color, he is discriminated against. He is not allowed to sleep in the bunkhouse and is repeatedly called a Nigger. Crooks really does not want to be lonely but he insists on be alone because it is the safest way to be for him. Crooks does try to come out and talk to Lennie but Lennie does not understand, pushing Crooks deeper into his hole of loneliness. Another smaller thing that could be considered loneliness is in the character of Charlson. Charlson lacks remorse. We see two main instances of this. One of these instances is in around the middle of the story when he tells the old swamper named Candy that he needs to put down his dog so Charlson takes his dog out back and shoots him. Candy is devastated but Charlson doesnt feel bad at all. Another time comes at the end of the book. Lennie accidentally breaks one of the head of the farms sons wife. George knows that if the other men find him they will kill him and make him suffer, so George takes it upon himself to make Lennie die a peaceful death, so he shoots him in the back of the head. When Slim tells George that theyre gonna go get a drink. When Charlson sees this he says Now what the hell do you suppose is eatin them, two guys?. Showing that he doesnt care at all for what just happened. Overall I really enjoyed the story. I do think that my class was exposed to in at the correct time in our schooling. I did really like this book and I have noted the way John Steinbeck writes.

Augustine Returns From His Studies At Carthage And He

Augustine returns to Thagaste from his studies at Carthage and he starts to teach rhetoric, making friends and looking for a promising career. In this book he speaks of the conflicts in his mind. Though he is turning towards God he continues his sinful ways. He is oscillating between two world - a material world and what is God s relation to such a world. This kind of life led to his self destruction . He says that he was being seduced and seducing, being deceived and deceiving. He is looking for a false religion (Mancheism). It was not a real life, but an empty life of hypocrisy. He was an instructor teaching rhetoric mainly to the law students. He calls himself as a salesman selling tricks of rhetoric . He was keen on keeping a concubine for his pleasures. Her name is not mentioned by augustine, though she was living with him for almost ten years. She had a son through him. He still finds there is a difference between marriage and a lustful situation. Yet ironically, he got a child through her. However, he was influenced by his close friend Nebridus and could involve in some positive development in finding truth. He was of the opinion that astrology, that talks about confusing heavenly bodies, is bogus. It was a Manichee mythology and he felt it an inevitable step to throw this away. He wanted to do away with the predictions and rituals of sacrifice which often accompanied astrology. He was contemptuous against a sorcerer who offered to sacrifice goats soShow MoreRelatedEssay on Love and Duty in Virgil’s Aeneid and Augustine’s Confessions1589 Words   |  7 PagesIn his Confessions, Augustine relates that, in his school years, he was required to read Virgil’s Aeneid. The ill-fated romance of Aeneas and Dido produced such an emotional effect on him. Augustine says that Virgil’s epic caused him to forget his own â€Å"wanderings† (Augustine 1116). He wept over Dido’s death, but remained â€Å"dry-eyed to [his] own pitiful stateâ₠¬  (Augustine 1116 – 7). Augustine later rejects literature and theater because he believes that they distract the soul from God. Nonetheless,Read MoreSt. Augustine s Life1283 Words   |  6 PagesMany saints were first some of the most frequent sinners. How could a leopard rub off all of his spots? Can people truly change their ways? Stories of conversion may seem unlikely, but for some they are pure fact. One of the most renowned stories of conversion is the one of Saint Augustine. Saint Augustine of Hippo by his own omission started his life in a circle of lust, pride, and vanity. He says in his book Confessions, â€Å"here proud, there superstitious, everywhere vain.† Saint Augustine’s lifeRead MoreSaint Augustine s Life Of Augustine1679 Words   |  7 PagesSaint Augustine The Life of Augustine Augustine was born in North Africa in AD 354 in the city of Thagaste. His father, Patricius, was a pagan and his mother, Monica, a devoted Catholic who relentlessly prayed for her son s salvation. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote Confessions between AD 397 and AD 398. He is regarded as a great theologian, philosopher, and one of most prolific Latin author s of many works. Augustine was schooled at Tagaste and Madaura and later at Carthage where he became interestedRead MoreEssay on Saint Augustine of Hippo810 Words   |  4 Pages Saint Augustine is not only recognized for his leadership but also for his knowledge and influence on the thinking and doctrine of the Christian Church. As a priest, he was an important leader of the early African Church; as a philosopher, he brought a new approach to Church Doctrine through the ideas of pagan philosophy (TeSelle 892). These accomplishments put him among the ranks of Thomas Aquinas and other great Church philosophers whose ideas revolutioniz ed the Church. Because of his accomplishmentsRead MoreReflection Of Confessions By Augustine711 Words   |  3 Pagesbeginning in 397 C.E., Augustine, gives insight into his life from the time of his birth through the passing of his mother, Monica. In the story, Augustine writes of the different stages of his life and the impact they had during his later years. In Augustine’s earliest years, he remarks on his birth and his actions as a young child. However, he does not remember these things, but only knows from seeing other infants and youth acting the same. In book II, he reminisces on his life as a young man andRead MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions1607 Words   |  7 Pagesbiographies, but because Augustine was and continues to be one of the most important Christian theologians in history. His biography reflects his views on Christian scripture and theology as well as his personal journey on how he came to be a part of the Christian faith. Some noteworthy parts of his biog raphy are; how he becomes a Manichean, when he meets Faustus and Bishop Ambrose, when he repudiates Manichaeism and gives up his career to devote himself to god and finally, how he discusses how ChristianRead MoreSaint Augustine s Influence On The Development Of Western Christianity And Western1220 Words   |  5 PagesSaint Augustine, also known as Augustine of Hippo was an early Christian philosopher and theologian. He was born on November the 13th, 354 CE in Thagaste and died on August the 28th, 430 CE in Hippo Regius. Saint Augustine s writings and works have had a profound influence on the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. Augustine was born in the municipium of Thagaste (now Souk Ahras, Algeria) in Roman Africa. His mother was a devout Christian while his fatherRead MoreSon Of Tears, Chapter by Chapter.3874 Words   |  16 PagesChapter 1 Augustine and his friends are doing bad stuff, running through fields, and taking peoples fruit. He and his best friend Alypius get caught behind and have to hide out. Then, they meet up with the others at the center of town they called the Hollow. Here, Augustine told his story he had with a lady, who had a husband. Then an argument occurred. Chapter 2 Augustines parents, Monica and Patricius, talk about sending their son away. While talking, they realize that Augustine has becomeRead More Biography of Augustine the African Essay example5161 Words   |  21 Pagesof Augustine the African Augustine was born in Tagaste (modern Souk Ahras, Algeria) in 354 and died almost seventy-six years later in Hippo Regius (modern Annaba) on the Mediterranean coast sixty miles away. In the years between he lived out a career that seems to moderns to bridge the gap between ancient pagan Rome and the Christian middle ages. But to Augustine, as to his contemporaries, that gap separated real people and places they knew, not whole imaginary ages of past and future. He livedRead MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions1914 Words   |  8 PagesSt. Augustine was a theologian and philosopher born in Africa to St. Monica. Although he is now known as a an incredibly influential Christian writer and thinker, his early years were defined by rebellion and discord that did not, in the least, reflect Christianity or the values that he is now known for supporting. His early years were freckled with mindless disobedience, wretched behavior, and characterized godlessness that makes his conversion to the fait h incredibly remarkable and one that is

Children Of A Lesser God By Randa Haines And Starring...

Children of a Lesser God was directed by Randa Haines and starring William Hurt and Marlee Matlin. This love story follows most stereotypes found in Romantic cinema, but instead of other people or names keeping these two apart it’s their own communication. This was not my first time watching this movie, so before I put it on I wanted to reflect on some of the ideas and questions I had the first time I watched the film. I wanted to see if my view changed now that I know a little bit more about Deaf culture. I remember sitting on my couch bored scrolling through movies when I came across this one the first time. After reading the description I thought it would make sufficient background noise. I recall when I first watched the film I was pretty neutral on the topics in the film and just followed the plot. This time I wanted to make sure I was aware of the film and my reactions to the character actions and interactions. In the end, I hung onto Hurts line when they are rekindling their love, â€Å"Do you think we can find a place where we can meet in the middle not in silence and not in sound?† In that moment I realized both characters were in a power struggle, and it had nothing to do with her deafness, but their own selfishness. In one line this film has summed up a major obstacle that exists between the Deaf culture and the hearing world: finding the balance between silence and sound. To start, let’s break down the terms â€Å"Deaf culture† and â€Å"hearing world.† I have heard these

Report on Evaluation of Health Information Systems

Question: Describe the Report on Evaluation of Health Information Systems. Answer: Summary of the Evaluation Report: This evaluation report presents the findings of the study on information systems on health. Inferently, the major proposition highlighted in this report is that quality of data and its subsequent use are interconnected, that is data of poor quality is not used and will remain in that state (Mphatswearker Rollins, 2012). Equally, the maximization in the use of data helps in the improvement of its quality. Notably, this hypothesis has experimented in workshops for data use, which encourages the enhancement of information value by teamwork building, endorsing orderly peer review, and motivating individual assessment to targets. Background to Health Information Systems The objective of this evaluation is to articulate and appraise the results of the health information systems in gathering and distributing accurate information on illnesses, assessment of the public health services and institutions while also protecting the data from people who can actually cause harm (Craglia Maheswaran, 2016). Assessment of Initiatives Four initiatives were established in relation to the health information system evaluation and in order to improve its effectivity in providing medical care to people (Kongstvedt, 2012). These initiatives include strengthening and gathering of routine health data, improving the capacity to manage health information systems, addressing gaps with durable tools and increasing the capacity for rigorous evaluation (Abdelhak Hanken, 2014). Mini Conclusion The Evaluation concludes that although there are advancements in technology which offer sufficient information to individuals regarding the provision and management of medical care services, such advantages have not been taken into account to improve reporting. Furthermore, with respect to ensuring equitable provision of quality health standards, the recommendations are in agreement with the continuing debate on health information systems. Context and Objectives of Information Systems: Introduction Health Information Systems (HIS) play a role in facilitating making decisions based on evidence in all stages, especially at the collection part. Therefore, this evaluation seeks to analyze the extent to which these systems have been utilized because the primary concern is to improve the health conditions of a given people. This is has been achieved through the successful organization of means of gathering, analyzing and presenting and adequate health planning (Kuperman Pryor, 2013). Numerous flaws have been associated with the implementation of information systems such as lack of guidelines, inadequate personnel, and lack of exchange of ideas and deprived management. Generally, health information system guarantees inadequate statistics for the observance of health objectives and giving the public apt news on health. Nevertheless, the availability and utilization of health facilities is important in the medical field for health practitioners and the public (Mair Murray, 2012). Objective and Scope of Evaluation In relation to the health information systems, evaluation has been conducted due to the high investment levels in the health sector and the need to cater for the targeted groups (Padhy Satapathy, 2012). Consequently, the measurement of performances has become a great issue of concern in the hierarchy of the health sector management. Moreover, pressure and influence alike have been exerted on nations need for information, leading to increased demand and the subsequent cooperation by bilateral and multilateral donors. The utilization of information technology in the medical care raises its own set of rules which concern individuals rights to privacy and the subsequent safeguarding of those civil liberties. These human rights are secured to assist in the enhancement of appropriate morals for the delivery of healthcare services through utilizing technology (Yen Bakken, 2012). Applications of Information on Health Systems In achieving best medical care through evaluation practices, civic health practitioners, and plan producers apply information to perform the following functions. To monitor and regulate the tendencies in health services and the subsequent results To ensure the reliability and straightforwardness of data and its associated elements Information is used in the effective and clear decision-making processes, and these decisions are made without delay To enhance the synchronization of health services and the equality in the distribution of medical care Information is also utilized in the management of resources to help in the greatest maximization of profits Contributions of the Health Information Systems The effect of information systems of health has been observed in both public and private sectors alongside other organizations and the public in general. Additionally these influences are both in a positive and negative way to the enactment of the health and information systems in provisions of quality services. The General Public The evaluation concludes that the public has witnessed the changes in the occurrence of events related to health and accountability on the part of the responsible authorities. Additionally, the public has been accorded relevance on the affairs of the ministry of health performances through a series of publications upon requests. The Private and Public Sectors The evaluation is of the opinion that presently there is no statute that obliges the private and public sectors to provide their data to the public and responsible bodies. However, through the HIS, medical service providers in this sector have a standing necessity in submitting their information frequently as stated to give a good public image. Other Relevant Organizations Health information systems endeavors to work in unity with other organizations such as the ministry of health to assist in the building of a solidifying social and health data that collects, analyses and publishes the system. Assessment of the Initiatives: It was decided to define and design practical initiatives to ensure that the recommendations led to tangible results Initiative 1: Strengthened Collection, Analysis and Use of Routine Health Data In systems of less established countries, one does not exist, while in advanced countries the schemes seek an upgrade with minimal external support. Therefore good information systems are important in looking into health challenges and improvement of medical standards in developing countries. However, the data quality generated by these systems are poor and non-effective in decision making even though there have been international concerns to develop a durable health information mechanism. Undisputedly, factors such as lack of coordinated health activities and standards of data, impracticable ambitions and the incapability of system designers in handling multifaceted cultural and social issues are a barrier to the functionality of HIS (Kaye Chinitz, 2013). Initiative2: Improved Capacity to Manage Health Information Systems Less advanced programs require assistance in creating a successful strategy on management whereas established plans boast resilient leadership in the health ministry. This has been possible through the use of the underutilization of data in decision making and logic model respectively. The logic model explains how activities and inputs on intervention are utilized in influencing the final outcomes of frequent use of health data in policy development and making decisions. The undertakings included in the logic model are the engagement of data users and creators, improving data quality, evaluating, monitoring and communicating outcomes of data use involvements (Koh Parchman, 2013). The underutilization of data in making decisions is not adequately used in development and improvement of policy, tactical planning, or supporting health information systems. Moreover, the complex nature on how hospitals use and contribute to HIS, making decisions, information flow and laxity in data availability contributes to a breakdown inefficient services. Initiative 3: Information Gaps Addressed With Strong Methods and Tools The execution of a prosperous health integration result demands that an institution recognizes its present position and cognize the gaps between its anticipated state and the current one. Therefore in the identification of gaps, a SWOT analysis of suggested reforms, determination of present combination needs, confirmation of enterprise processes, and the insight on reusable assets are indispensable. Evaluation serves to bridge the gaps in countries to a point where they are harnessing methodologies to help in the initiation of effective health information programs. Effectively, a properly calculated determination of gaps adds up to the formulation of inventive and applicable solutions, therefore, it is crucial for a health information system to adapt to many variables that advance operational medical care mechanisms. Furthermore, from the assessment, it was determined that the identification of gaps gauges a medical institution's readiness to create and execute technological advancem ents on health. Lately, the main issue of concern is the bringing together the information on health records of patients for clinical use in a less technical, economical and time-saving manner. Additionally, the ease of access and utilization of data enhances team coordination as creators prefer being given a referral point concerning the health of a patient to be used as progress is monitored (Drazen Schneider, 2012). Initiative 4: Increased Capacity for Rigorous Evaluation The need for a high demand for a reliable data in countries is of value and as such should exist in its components, both locally and internationally. This is aimed towards moving nations to higher standards where research conducted locally to meet the expectations of the government and the laws that govern the particular research. It is, therefore, important to generate an evaluation system and framework that is capable of planning, managing and regulating continuous assessments by community experts in data and officials of the government agencies (Rosen Weaver, 2012) A Summary on Findings on Relevance, Effectiveness , and Sustainability Relevance The relevance of the health information systems initiative has been conducted in accordance with the proposed policies and recommendations. The evaluation concludes that all factors with the exclusion of an initiative were of importance to the recommendations of the policy of HIS.one initiative, the quality of standards, has not been taken into serious considerations despite requests from the board and management team (Stair Reynolds, 2013). Effectiveness This is the capability of the health record systems to meet its goals. However, the eminence of the documents of this project did not add up to the policies needed and as such challenged the evaluation in starting basis for this assessment. This was particularly in respect to the explanation of important indicators of performance and establishment of benchmarks and targets to help in monitoring system enactment. Therefore, if either of the performance indicators is missing, the evaluation of the impact of health records is a daunting task (Street Manning, 2013). Sustainability Most HIS lack the necessary capitals for processing information services and as a result replicating low priorities in managements. Additionally, there is an inadequacy in technical, material and human resources that are needed in the working of the HIS, compounded with the few skills persons trained in the required procedures. Therefore, for sustainability matters, the availability of resources and finances to fund this project in recruiting the appropriate number of staff and computers are necessary. Sustainability is actually improved by the active participation of everyone in all steps of the advancement and depends on maintaining a constant workforce and refining of their skills (Moldan Hk, 2012). Evaluating Health Information Systems: Criteria for Evaluating Health Information Systems The lack of evaluation criteria used in assessing the executed HIS is still a huge failing in the strategy and implementation in the health sector. The probability of designers knowing which methods are effective than the other and why certain criterions thrive when they do not evaluate their systems is minimal. Therefore, evaluating any intervention needs not take place at the execution stage only but also well connected with the design and development of the system since it is imperative assuming that HIS features will be carried out as stipulated (Friedman Huldtgren, 2013). Evidently, in many situations instructions on health do not go as planned and as such the people responsible should guarantee its safe implementation lest they are held liable. However, this is only achievable through evaluation which requires the preparation of a good design of HIS which sets the regulations followed in assessing the accomplishments or disappointments of a system. Additionally, affirming the mechanism on evaluation helps in avoiding the rationalization of HIS and as such questions related to this design becomes simpler to answer (Adam Bennett, 2012). The evaluation criteria observed to help in the achievement of this objective are the objectives and policies together with the technical,financial,political and administrative viability of the HIS design. Recommendations The evaluation lays emphasis on the following recommendations to improve the credibility of Health information system Policy (Middleton Zhang, 2013). They include; The need for the establishment of a central data source is to enable simplicity in accessing data and guaranteeing the security of statistics. The guidance on publishing facts as provided for in the HIS guidelines and relevant existing regulations. This serves to procure the rights of the clients without a compromise on their development. The need for storage of all records in password guarded electronic gadgets to prevent falling into the hands of unauthorized people. The records of patients who pass out in medical centers should be stored for at least a decade provided space is available unless specified otherwise. Rules should be passed on the authority capable of destroying medical records. It is important to share all data from social and health welfare system with stakeholders. This will improve credibility and accountability and as a result winning over the trust of the public The need to impose laws which stipulate the measure of accessing health databases Security measures should be assured for health information in relation to storage, brokerage, and possession. The establishment of fines and penalties when health-related data are violated. Conclusion: The evaluation, therefore, concludes that through the collection of data, integration, data quality enhancement, data analysis and interpretation, problem-solving skills and teamwork are the most culpable ways of maximizing HIS. Furthermore, In relation to the health information systems, the evaluation states that continual monitoring, regulation, and updating of this scheme would service in the provision of quality medical services to the citizens of the affected locality. Additionally, the evaluation also supports the fact that the challenges facing the health sector are due to the failures of the full enactment of the HIS stipulated guidelines, which when conformed to will make life a lot easier. Emphasis was also laid on the role played by HIS in a positive manner in relation to the public and private sectors together with the organizations and it was observed that the impact was of great value. The relevance, sustainability, and effectiveness of health information systems is als o an issue of consideration given that the policy has to be evaluated and its subsequent enactment observed. Inferably, to achieve the objectives of HIS which include the regulation and monitoring of tendencies of healthcare systems, the reliability of data and its associated elements and synchronization of services, a practical and effective system has to be adopted. References: Adam, T., Hsu, J., de Savigny, D., Lavis, J. N., Rttingen, J. A., Bennett, S. (2012). Evaluating health systems strengthening interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: are we asking the right questions? Health Policy and Planning, 27(suppl 4), iv9-iv19. Craglia, M., Maheswaran, R. (Eds.). (2016). GIS in public health practice. CRC press. Drazen, E. L., Metzger, J. B., Ritter, J. L., Schneider, M. K. (2012). Patient care information systems: successful design and implementation. Springer Science Business Media. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. In Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory (pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Hafner, T., Shiffman, J. (2013). The emergence of global attention to health systems strengthening. Health policy and planning, 28(1), 41-50. Harris, J. R., Burton, P., Knoppers, B. M., Lindpaintner, K., Bledsoe, M., Brookes, A. J. ... Fortier, I. (2012). Toward a roadmap in global biobanking for health. European Journal of Human Genetics, 20(11), 1105-1111. Kaye, R., Kokia, E., Shalev, V., Idar, D., Chinitz, D. (2013). Barriers and success factors in health information technology: A practitioner's perspective. Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare. Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology. Health Affairs, 32(1), 63-68. Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., Parchman, M. L. (2013). A proposed health literate care modelwould constitute a systems approach to improving patients engagement in care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2012). Essentials of managed health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kuperman, G. J., Gardner, R. M., Pryor, T. A. (2013). HELP: a dynamic hospital information system. Springer Science Business Media. Mair, F. S., May, C., O'Donnell, C., Finch, T., Sullivan, F., Murray, E. (2012). Factors that promote or inhibit the implementation of e-health systems: an explanatory systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(5), 357-364. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M. ... Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(e1), e2-e8. Moldan, B., Janoukov, S., Hk, T. (2012). How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets. Ecological Indicators, 17, 4-13. Mphatswe, W., Mate, K. S., Bennett, B., Ngidi, H., Reddy, J., Barker, P. M., Rollins, N. (2012). Improving public health information: a data quality intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(3), 176-182. Padhy, R. P., Patra, M. R., Satapathy, S. C. (2012). Design and implementation of a cloud-based rural healthcare information system model. Univers J Appl Comput Sci Technol, 2(1), 149-157. Rechel, B., Mladovsky, P., Ingleby, D., Mackenbach, J. P., McKee, M. (2013). Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe. The Lancet, 381(9873), 1235-1245. Rosen, M. A., Hunt, E. A., Pronovost, P. J., Federowicz, M. A., Weaver, S. J. (2012). In situ simulation in continuing education for the health care professions: a systematic review. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 32(4), 243-254. 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Adolescent Depression Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategies for Adolescent Depression. Answer: Introduction Adolescent depression has contributed to factors associated with suicide among adolescents. Depressed adolescents often seek pharmacological therapy management. Fewer approaches have inclined itself on behavioural approaches thus limiting non pharmacological management strategies for depression. Research done have indicated that depressed adolescents often have diminished level of activity ranging between 80%-90%, (Buckworth Wallace, 2002). The need to address depression issues among the young population is of concern. This review seeks to assess studies done on exercise as a form of treatment among adolescents. The Spirit of Inquiry Ignited Adolescent depression has been attributed to a major risk factor in suicidal cases among the youth globally. It is ranked third as leading factor for deaths among the young population, (Costello, Angold Erkani, 2006). Statistics shows that more than half of the youths have thoughts of suicide as accidents have been associated with depression. Depressions have been shown to have impacts on the social and educational aspects of the youth, (Fletcher, 2008). Adolescents depression has been often associated with impairments, depressive symptoms often goes unrecognized as compared to the elderly population, may be due to the prominence and irritability mood and flaunting symptoms occasioned among adolescence. Signs of adolescent depression cannot be clearly identified when the primary causative factors do not express themselves well on aspects such as eating habits and behavioral factors. Experts on personality traits have stated that adolescent depression is an indicative of adulthood disorder more prevalent in adult hood, (Birmaher et al., 2004) Physical exercises have been piloted as an avenue of reducing the severity of depression. Hughes et al., (2008), conducted randomized controlled study on the feasibility of the role of exercise on reducing depression among adolescents. This study brings into focus the rationale on studying how exercise programs can be utilized in reducing depression among adolescent. A meta analysis by Joffe, (2017), have indicated that cognitive behavior therapy are effective medication for young adolescence. Findings suggested that clinicians preferred exercise professional to undertake such task to be effective, however overall clinicians had positive attitude towards exercise as a form of treatment. The PICOT Question Formulated Among adolescents undergoing severe depression (P), do normal exercise levels (I) compared to absence of physical activity (C) lead to reduction in depression levels (O) when they are subjected to six month exercises activity (T)? Search Strategy Conducted Pubmed search on articles relating to adolescent depression with key words of adolescent, depression, exercise treatment and evaluation was done. The search showed that feasibility studies have done for intervention of 12 weeks on depressive disorders. Assessments were measured using rating scales among the adolescents, (Dopp et al., 2012). Further this search yielded a study undertaken Dunn Waithraub, (2008), which showed that exercise as a medication therapy, reduced effects of adolescents depressive condition. Further search on Cochrane Library showed that clinical trials have been undertaken on adolescent depression. Search on NCBI academic portal showed a meta analysis study conducted by Joffe, (2017), showed that cognitive therapy can be effective tool in managing adolescent depression. In this three searches both level 1, (Radovic, Melvin Gordon, 2017; Dopp et al 2012 Hughes et al 2009) and level 2 (Dunn Weintraub, 2008 Bailey et al 2017) evidence were found out on exercise intervention as an avenue in reducing severe depression among adolescents. Critical Appraisal of Evidence Performed A comprehensive critical appraisal tool was used in reviewing the literature and studies related to exercise on adolescent depression. This is geared towards getting reliable evidence based studies to support the intervention strategies proposed. The designs used in the studies portrayed level 1 evidence level where randomized controlled studies and quasi experimental study design being used on the study participants. Intervention trial by Hughes et al., (2009), showed that high intensity of physical exercise was correlated with lower levels of depression among the adolescence. A quasi experimental design on adolescent exercise levels conducted by Dopp et al., (2012) sought to find out the feasibility of 12 week intervention on depressive disorders state among adolescence. Using depression rating scale tools showed that there is significant decrease in depression levels on intensive physical exercises. Level 2 evidence through meta analysis studies conducted by Joffe, (2017), have illustrated evidence on cognitive therapy medication. Meta analysis review by Dunn Weintraub (2008) on 36 articles showed that exercise can be an effective form of treatment. Integrated evidence on patient preference and clinical expertise in clinic practice With these levels of evidence it is evident that physical exercises can be effectively used in managing adolescent depression. The perspective of the clinicians on exercise showed that they had positive attitude and practice based approach regarding incorporating exercise in mental health treatment. An online survey among clinicians showed that they experienced barriers in prescribing exercise as a medical aspect of depression, findings suggested that clinicians preferred exercise professional to undertake such task to be effective, however overall clinicians had positive attitude towards exercise as a form of treatment. The evidence obtained in this literature analysis shows that exercise can be effectively be used as a form of therapy care for the adolescents experiencing severe depression. The randomized controlled and quasi experimental trials show that exercise is an important therapy for depression among adolescents. In terms of patient preference, many adolescents diagnosed with depression were in agreeableness on exercise therapy for medication process. Exercise is an acceptable form of therapy and this can be attributed to no known adverse effects. Ensuring professionalism in exercise therapy is an effective form of administration which the clinical medical practitioners may not be able to administer thus requiring an exercise professional. Outcomes Evaluated On the randomized controlled trials done, showed that adolescents participants were evaluated after the end of the exercise interventions. Duration intensity was assessed for the participants in the different experimental and quasi experiment studies done on the adolescents. Clinicians online survey was evaluated in terms of knowledge and practices based on administration of exercise as a form of treatment. Project Outcomes Incorporating structured exercise is essential in ensuring that clinical depression among adolescence is controlled. Level 1 and 2 evidence portrayed in this review has illustrated that exercise are beneficial on managing depression. The role of clinicians and health practitioners is paramount t in ensuring that non pharmacological approaches can be applied to manage severe depression among the adolescence. Review of exercise treatment management will offer a new avenue for depression management in the clinical fraternity. Involving trained physical exercise professionals will be key in ensuring exercise therapy are adhered and implemented successfully with key objective of reducing adolescent severe depression. Project Dissemination This evidence based practices reviewed in this task with regard to exercise management on adolescent depression will be presented in Department of Psychiatric conference and in medical conferences. This is geared towards adoption of exercise as treatment process for adolescents depression. Further to strengthen the sue of knowledge acquired; this report will be published in high impact journals to strengthen the level of evidence with regard to exercise. Conclusion Studies reviewed have assessed the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of adolescence depression and summery have alluded to a positive effect on exercise therapy management. Exercise as a prevention and reduction strategy to depression plays key role in health care arena. With this evidence based studies, physical exercise has shown to be next Treatment Avenue combined with other medication strategies. This strength of evidence from these studies shows that exercises is an effective mode of treatment aimed at reducing severe depression among adolescence. Exercise incorporation has been shown to be long lasting and improves on anxiety levels, levels of depression and self concept. References Bailey AP et al, (2016). Treating depression with physical activity in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Psychol Med 2017 Oct 10; [e-pub]. (https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717002653) Birmaher, B., Williamson, D. E., Dahl, R. E., Axelson, D. A., Kaufman, J., Dorn, L. D., Ryan, N. D. (2004). Clinical presentation and course of depression in youth: does onset in childhood differ from onset in adolescence?. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 63-70. Buckworth J, Wallace LS. Application of the transtheoretical model to physically active adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002;42:360367 Dopp, R. R., Mooney, A. J., Armitage, R., King, C. (2012). Exercise for adolescents with depressive disorders: a feasibility study. Depression research and treatment, 2012. Dunn, A. L., Weintraub, P. (2008). Exercise in the prevention and treatment of adolescent depression: a promising but little researched intervention. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 2(6), 507-518. Fletcher, J. M. (2008). Adolescent depression: diagnosis, treatment, and educational attainment. Health economics, 17(11), 1215-1235. Hughes, C. W., Trivedi, M. H., Cleaver, J., Greer, T. L., Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B., Barnes, C. (2009). DATE: Depressed adolescents treated with exercise: Study rationale and design for a pilot study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2(2), 7685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2009.09.005 Jane Costello, E., Erkanli, A., Angold, A. (2006). Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(12), 1263-1271. Radovic, S., Melvin, G. A., Gordon, M. S. (2017). Clinician perspectives and practices regarding the use of exercise in the treatment of adolescent depression. Journal of sports sciences, 1-7.