Implementation Of Software Development Agreement - 1378 Words

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT THIS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT (the â€Å"Agreement†) dated this 22nd day of October 2015 BETWEEN: QuizMed Ltd (The ‘‘customer’’) -AND- Mint Digital (The ‘‘service provider’’) BACKGROUND: A. QuizMed is of the understanding that Mint Digital has the required qualifications, experience, and abilities to provide the services mentioned below to the customer. B. Mint Digital has agreed to provide such services on the terms and conditions set out in this agreement. DEFINED TERMS: Agreement: the contract for the services defined below. Confidential Information: any information (whether or not it was stated as confidential) disclosed by both parties, orally or written. Deliverables: includes all plans, documents,†¦show more content†¦TERM OF AGREEMENT: 1. The term of this Agreement (the term) will begin on the effective date of this Agreement and will remain in full force and effective for 9 months, subject to earlier termination as provided in this Agreement. The term of this Agreement may be protracted by written agreements of both parties. 2. In the event that either party wishes to terminate this Agreement, that party is obligatory to provide 30 days’ notice in writing to the other party. 3. If a party is in breach of any material obligation contained in this Agreement, the other party has the right to terminate the contract within 30 days; this has to be in writing. 4. Any termination of this Agreement (howsoever occasioned) shall not affect any accrued rights or liabilities of either Party. PRICE: 5. By way of consideration for the service provided by Mint Digital, the price for the provision the QuizMed iOS logo and the QuizMed app is  £40,000 (Price) will be paid by QuizMed in accordance to the payment agreement. 6. QuizMed shall not pay for Mint Digital’s out-of-pocket expenses. PAYMENT: 7. QuizMed agrees to make the first payments of  £10,000 (including VAT) to Mint Digital according to the order set out in the time table of deliverables and an additional  £30,000(including VAT) one year after the contract is signed. 8. Mint Digital shall send receipts for all the payments made. INTERLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: 9. Mint Digital

Romeo And Juliet Character Analysis - 1398 Words

In the story Romeo and Juliet written by Shakespeare between the years of 1594-1596, and takes place in Verona Italy. This story is a tragic story which means that a lot of the main characters die off.There are two families that are in the middle of a feud, the Montague and the Capulet. This feud began years ago and has continue through the play. Romeo belongs to the Montague family while Juliet belongs to the Capulet family. Romeo at the beginning of the play was in love with a character named Rosaline. Unfortunately, Rosaline does not feel the same way as Romeo does and there is unrequited love between the two. Romeo is sad and does not wish to be around anyone else at the moment, he is reclusive when we are introduced to him. Romeo†¦show more content†¦When her mother walks in to talk to Juliet how she should get married because she was Juliet’s age when she was a mother. Also that so many other young girls have become mothers already and Juliet still has not yet married. On the night that the Capulet’s have their party, Juliet happens to see Romeo and starts to love him instantly the same as Romeo has done for her. They meet at the party and they both exchange words about how they feel about each other. Juliet did not have knowledge that the person she was talking to was Romeo. Once Romeo left, Juliet asked the nurse to learn of her admirer’s name. Once Juliet learns tha t Romeo is a Montague, she begins to panic and wishes he went by any other name. Out on Juliet’s balcony the two of them meet again and talk about how Romeo could go by any other name because a name should not define a person. Juliet says that Romeo could go by any other name and he would still be as loving to Juliet because he would still remain the same. Juliet explains how a name should not define a person, because if someone or something would go by another name they would still be the same thing and person. â€Å"That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet.† (page 80, line 43-44, act 2, scene 2) â€Å"Tis but thy name that is my enemy. Thou art thyself, though not a montague, what’s a Montague?† (page 62, lines 38-40, act 2, scene 2) Since Romeo and Juliet were born into the two families that are in the middle of aShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet Character Analysis1438 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet character analysis Juliet is the daughter of Lord and Lady Capulet. When the play begins, we learn from the nurse that Juliet is soon turning fourteen (â€Å"Even or odd, of all the days in the year come Lammas-Eve at night shall she be fourteen†). In Juliets first meeting with her mother and the nurse, she seems to be an obedient and responsible child. She comes immediately when they call her and answers always respectfully to her mother: Madam, I am here, / What is your will? (â€Å"ActRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesWhile secondary characters are undersized compared to the main characters of the play, they often have an eminent impact on the story. In William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet, certain secondary characters influence the decisions made by the two lovers and avail to establish the play’s tragic outcome. This will be conveyed through a detailed analysis of Tybalt, Capulet and Friar Lawrence. Although admirable qualities add to ones life, they can often lead to their death. In ShakespearesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is a pleasant and suspenseful drama written by William Shakespeare in 1595. It is a romantic tragedy about two young lovers from feuding families the Capulet’s and Montague’s who decide to marry against their parent’s wishes. They try to find peace and happiness, but it is not to be, and their lives finally end tragically and under strange and very sad circumstances. However, in the beginning, the noble aristocrat, Count Paris, who was the favorite suitor of Juliet’sRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1351 Words   |  6 Pages‘The characters in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet undergo significant changes throughout the course of the play.’ Discuss Perhaps one of the most intriguing aspects of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, pertains to the changes that the characters undergo. This is explored through Romeo and Juliet - two main protagonists living in Verona - who fall in love with each other, despite the great feud between their families. This significantly changes the lives of the majority of characters throughout theRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1141 Words   |  5 Pageswhich ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was written, many people were strong believers of fate and it was a common belief in society. William Shakespeare was a famous poet who is recognised for his powerful writing and contribution to the English language. One of William Shakespeare’s highly recognised plays is ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written in the late 1500’s. It is a play about two star-crossed lovers alongside fate who by their death end the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets. In ‘Romeo and Julietà ¢â‚¬â„¢, FriarRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis715 Words   |  3 PagesAfter reading and analyzing the story â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† by William Shakespeare, it comes to the conclusion that each character represents an emotion by using two main characters from the story. The emotion anger, can be shown in multiple of scenes but the one who represents it the most is Tybalt Capulet as his anger within is mostly identify by from the Capulet’s angry feud to the Montagues. The emotion honestly, can be shown by a man named Benvolio Montague who not only shows honestly to his formalRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis890 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare is by far one of the most profound romantic plays known to the world. Shakespeare has written many famous poets; plays having Romeo and Juliet his most famous and known pieces of literary art. William Shakespeare is a master in literary entertainment but an unknown man in history, but yet the most known English poet, actor, playwright and regarded as the greatest English writer in the worlds history. Each of Shakespeare’s works has a themeRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis840 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespear, brings many themes to life; love and fate and comedy and tragedy being among the most common and reoccurring. This essay will be focusing on the real tragedy of one of the most famous plays ever written. Romeo and Juliet are not the only ones to lose something very dear to them; everyone suffered, both emotionally and physically. The couples union was intended to bring the feuding families together instead, their love for each other only brought theirRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1434 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet a Tragedy of Fate and Character There is no doubt that Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy of young love. What is in doubt is what contributes to the tragedy. The story of Romeo and Juliet’s love contrasts greatly with famous Greek tragedies such as Oedipus the King and The Odyssey in which the source of tragedy is the main protagonists struggle against fate. Rather the source of tragedy in Romeo and Juliet is both the character flaws that exist within in Romeo and Juliet themselves andRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1036 Words   |  5 Pagestragedy Romeo and Juliet is considerably one of the greatest love stories ever written. The play is set to exhibit the longstanding feud between the Capulet and Montague households. This results in the tragic deaths of the two main protagonists, Romeo and Juliet, as their love is forbidden by the terms of their families hatred. The play ends in the unison of the families as they mourn together the loss of their children and end their conflict. As such a masterfu l piece of literature, Romeo and Juliet

Journal Of Technical Writing Communication -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Technical Writing Communication? Answer: Introducation Professionalism is the competence that is expected from a professional and it carries an added advantage on the part of the individual. Professionalism in information and communication technology is not just limited to wearing a proper suit and tie or owning a number of degrees. It refers to something more such as the manner in which one can conduct himself in the business situation. An authentic professional possesses the characteristics of neat appearance, confident demeanor, reliable response, maintaining ethics, competent behavior, being poise in difficult situation, adhering to the etiquette, brief and concise written correspondence, required organizational skills, being accountable for the issue and resolve it (Bourelle, 2014). ICT or information and communication technology is the platform and components that sets up modern computing. With the help of ICT people and organizations all around the world can interact with each other in the digital form. ICT can be considered similar to IT where professionalism plays a major role. ICT is influenced for societal, economic and interpersonal interactions and transactions and the way in which people communicate, work and live (Afshari, Bakar, Luan, Samah, Fooi, 2014). Professionalism is not the job done but how is it done. Due to the rapid changes taking place in ICT, professionalism has come up in the core of the industry. If ICT needs to meet up the potential in making lives better then the significance of professionalism cannot be overstressed. When an ICT industry comprises of the professional individuals then the responsibility which demands less regulation will be acknowledged. References Afshari, M., Bakar, K. A., Luan, W. S., Samah, B. A., Fooi, F. S. (2014). Factors affecting teachers use of information and communication technology. International Journal of Instruction. Bourelle, T. (2014). New perspectives on the technical communication internship: Professionalism in the workplace. . Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, 171-189.

No Brainer free essay sample

The statement coined by Descartes, I think, therefore I am, no longer holds true for the middle of the last decade of the twentieth century. This is mostly due to the emergence of monumental technological breakthroughs since the formulation of this statement in the seventeenth century. In fact, I have technology, therefore I am and/or My God said so, therefore I am could be contemporary versions of this statement that accurately describe us today. In the past, one was free to think for himself, or forced to think for himself, because no one else or nothing else could think for him. The rise in the use of computers this century, however, has revolutionized the way things are done. Those who own the technology no longer have to think about menial tasks. For example, when one buys a product in a store for $1.38 and hands the cashier a five-dollar bill, the cashier will punch in the five dollars and let the computerized cash register indicate the correct change of . We will write a custom essay sample on No Brainer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 62 to give to the customer. No thinking on the part of a person is involved. Instead, it is substituted by a reliance on mechanical and repetitious actions which are unproductive and unhealthy for the mind. We human beings are blessed with the capability to reason and to think logically; therefore, we cannot function as subservient individuals to the modern technology that we have created. Our growing reverence for technology and its comforts will ultimately strip us of our creativity and our curiosity to learn. This ultimately obviates the need to make decisions based on our own judgments because computers will take care of everything with a touch of a button. Obviously, once the computers malfunction, life as we know it will be in chaos since we would not be able to survive without the complex gadgets. Furthermore, as economic stability becomes more uncertain, the destitute and despondent masses will turn to religion and their God for consolation. Although this seems paradoxical in a time when the degradation of society is eminent, I think, therefore I am could be justly altered into My God says so, therefore I am to match the social atmosphere of today. These people are all foolishly deceived into thinking that they are notorious sinners who must incessantly repent now in order to enter the kingdom of Heaven later. Evidently, these desperate believers are again subordinate to a supreme being who has supposedly intended the present hopelessness to test the loyalty of those who perceive that He is omnipotent and is looking out for our best interests. Hence, it is no longer I think, therefore I am but My computer thinks, therefore I am and/or My God says so, therefore I am, which more accurately reflects the pervasive attitudes of society as it stands now. The advancements of science and technology are meant to supplement or ease the tasks of daily life and were not created to be necessities of life. We are essentially emancipated human beings who must not be confined by the devastating shackles of our own technological creations.

Grendel A Philisophical Point Of View Essays - Beowulf, Geats

Grendel A Philisophical Point Of View Grendel follows the philosophical evolution, from solipsism to nihilism, of a socially isolated creature, a monster. It is an examination of human supernatural curiosity and its many dangers, specifically the tendency toward blind cynicism. Grendel is a censure of the rapid growth of this cynicism in twentieth century society and the consequent widespread distrust of abstract ideals. In investigating his own nature, the monster in the story destroys himself. He realizes that the universe is determined, accidental, and so he loses faith in his own importance. With time, he becomes a beast, until eventually his soul has wholly left him. He does not die for love, or for passion, or for freedom. His spirit dies instead simply, hopelessly, mired in boredom and anger, without courage or sadness. Grendel is dead long before his body fails him. He fades away, and the most important theme in this novel is that such self-destruction, though tempting, is not the only answer. Grendel's first defense against a brute universe is solipsism: the belief that the self can know only itself and that it is the only existent thing. As the novel clearly demonstrates, solipsism is a weak defense. However loudly a creature may declare its godhood, the universe continues to function independently. However a creature may deny the reality of outside factors, outside factors will continue to impose themselves upon his everyday existence. The main flaw in solipsism is that it contradicts every aspect of human experience. Grendel is justifiably unsatisfied and nervous under its tenuous cover. After his visit to the dragon, Grendel finds a more solid shield, nihilism: the belief that nothing has meaning; that life is a long series of accidents and is in itself an accident. As a philosophy, nihilism is complete. It provides an answer to every metaphysical why?. Whatever the concern, a nihilist can conclusively state, There is no way to truly know, but it does not matter anyway. As a system of values for a living being, however, nihilism leaves much to be desired. It destroys the self, quickly and totally, with a single fall of a cynical whip. Grendel is utterly unhappy, because his life is empty and devoid of meaning. Notice that he projects this meaningless onto the thanes. He ridicules their actions and their passions, rendering them absurd in the reader's eyes. In truth, Grendel has a certain respect for human beings. He envies their capacity to dissolve into pure belief, and most of the hostility he exhibits toward them is actually derived from hostility toward himself. The human hero Beowulf represents an alternative to hopeless nihilism and cynicism, an alternative that Grendel never finds. Beowulf is the embodiment of regeneration and purity. Though Grendel thinks he is insane, Beowulf is the only level mind in the entire novel. Beowulf completes the philosophical journey that shapes this novel by providing a perfect answer to Grendel's puzzle. The meaning of life is in its living. The justification of truth is in truth. The reason for beauty is beauty. It is too late for Grendel, however, as he has lost too much of himself. In the final battle he rejects Beowulf and all that the hero represents, and so Grendel's death, like his life, is merely an accident. Book Reports

Applying Ethics in Practice Essays - Ethics, Axiology, Free Essays

Applying Ethics in Practice Essays - Ethics, Axiology, Free Essays Applying Ethics in Practice Laura Rubio BSHS/335 March 23, 2015 Stephanie Chupein Applying Ethics in Practice As a human services professional there will be times that you do not always agree with your client. And your personal values can become an ethical issue. One thing to keep in mind would be that, as a professional is that you need to set your own feelings aside to help your client. With my own personal values one that would become an ethical issue would be if a pregnant mother came in and was using drugs at the time. I believe strongly that no child should be brought up into drugs, and that the mother or father should be worried about the well-being of their unborn child. I believe that no parent should use drugs, especially a mother that is pregnant with an unborn child it against my moral value. I would be very cautious when helping a family that one or both parents abuse drugs. I would make sure that they family received care and that it will help them care for their family. Any parent that would use their money that they have, or that they receive from welfare be sold to use for d rugs and not to feed their children is a moral value of mine. I believe that all children should have what is needed for them to survive including food, shelter, and clothing. Even though I am against parents that are drug users, I would have to find a way to get around it so that I am able to help the children who may be involved. I would be able to use an ethnical model and the code of ethics to help me resolve the issue. The first thing that I would need to do would be to identify the problem. Second I would need to know what the potential issues are, third I would need to review the relevant ethics code. Then I would need to obtain a consultation. That way I would know what would be the best course of action. I would also want to consider what the outcome may be for various choices. The ethnical decision model that I would be using would be the feminist model. With this model the client is fully involved. This would involve the consulting with the client fully and appropriately so that the chances of making the right decisions are applicable. This way the client knows what is going on at all times, and is involved in their treatment. The code of ethic that I would use would be informed consent, competence in my area, privacy and confidentiality, access to their records, and if there was going to be a conflict of interest to let them know right away. My main goal would to be able to help my client with whatever means necessary to my ability to help them.

DEVELOP A MARKETING PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DEVELOP A MARKETING PLAN - Essay Example However, the entrance of smaller companies that offer the same diversity in design and high class quality is forcing to reinvent itself. This paper will explore the marketing opportunities it can tap in order to reinvent its image to a flexible label that is essential to every fashion genre. Situation Analysis Internal Environment One word. That’s all it takes for a person to know someone inside and out, its history, its sensibilities, its personality, and its relationships. That word is the brand name. Coca-Cola. iPod. Nike. Google. Their identities are so strong and so embedded to the minds of the consumers that no single study, perhaps not even a compound of a thousand, can comprehensively explain how each company built it. Cotton On, despite being a young label, has experienced a certain amount of success in positioning themselves in the market and securing a loyal consumer base who identifies them with the same laidback, simple, and organic image of the country where it o riginated from, Australia. It is, despite possible apprehension of the fashion elite a brand that exudes style. It started in 1991 in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Twenty years is considered young in the fashion retail business. Yet, it has expanded to more than 600, employing more than 4,500 people in the same countries where it distributes - Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the US. Its success may be credited to the same formula that casual brands like Roxy and Target has (Grail, 2009). It has managed to become an accessible brand but its lines were never tacky or common. By not emphasizing its affordability and flaunting its quality in both engineering and aesthetics have allowed it to develop a stylish image that cuts across all segments age, gender, and social class. External Environment The cards the Australian fashion industry has are not good ones. It seems easier to fold than to call it. The geography itself is a disadvantage of epic proportion. It is more than 20 hours away by plane from all of the major fashion capitals such as Paris, London, and New York. The time difference also means contradicting weather. When it’s summer in Australia, it is winter in Paris. To any fashion expert, that’s a recipe for disaster. The international economic crisis also damaged the value of the Australian, from 53 to 106 Australian cents to the US dollar. Any fashions sales expert will tell you, that’s setting yourself up for suicide and mutilation because it makes any exported product from Australia expensive (Gay, 2010). Juxtapose this with the continuous birth and growth of many other labels from or manufactured in Asian countries where labour and raw materials are affordable and you have a losing formula. The disadvantages don’t end there. The local market is small. There are only 23 million people in a country that highly penetrated by international brand whose volume of production allow them to sell products at a much lower price. The only way for any brand to grow is to go out of the Australia. The complexities continue. Unlike other secondary fashion markets like Brazil, India and China which is difficult because

Old to New, how will older ports Compete with new and larger Essay

Old to New, how will older ports Compete with new and larger Structures - Essay Example This paper will look at the measures that old ports can take to ensure that they are able to compete with new and more modern ports. Older ports should invest in equipment that will enable them to compete effectively with newer ports. Equipment used at ports determines the speed at which ports are able to operate and clear goods. Older ports should invest in equipment that will ensure that goods are cleared within the shortest time possible. This will enable the ports to operate efficiently and effectively (Gubbins 2003). For example, some of the old ports had no cranes as containers were rarely used for transportation in the olden days. These ports can ensure that they install such equipment that will make sure that goods at the port are handled effectively and with maximum care. It is important that old ports have the latest technology used in handling goods at the port. This will help them be able to effectively compete with newer ports. Newer ports have installed the latest technology that can be used to handle containers at ports. Older ports should follow suit and ensure that are able to purchase and install the latest technology used in handling goods at ports. Technology will enable them to be able to clear goods in record time. This will be advantageous to the older ports due to the fact that they do not have enough space to store goods for a long period of time unlike newer ports. Technology will also ensure that human labor is only used where it is needed. Ports should be able to have machines that are controlled by humans. Humans should not be employed to do tedious work in the ports. This will slow down the process of clearing goods and services and as a result, the port might come to a standstill as there is no enough space to store the containe rs. Older ports can enter into business partnerships that are mutually

Lenove Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Lenove - Research Paper Example & ESTIMATES - LENOVO GROUP LTD (992) 28 Quarterly Earnings for Lenovo Group Limited 29 ANNUAL EARNINGS & ESTIMATES - LENOVO GROUP LTD (992) 29 Annual Earnings for Lenovo Group Limited's 29 QUARTERLY REVENUES - LENOVO GROUP LTD (992) 29 Quarterly Revenues Lenovo Group Limited's 30 ANNUAL REVENUES - LENOVO GROUP LTD (992) 30 Annual Revenues for Lenovo Group Limited 30 CONCLUSION 31 LENOVO GROUP LIMITED PART A- CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Lenovo Group Limited is a renowned name in the manufacturing of computer hardware products. This report will focus on the complete analysis of the company including the complete competitive edge which it has in the market. This report will also debate on the current strategic direction on which the company has aligned itself to. Apart from this the major issues which the company is facing and the tactics which have been designed by the management to overcome these issues will be discussed. The company and the stakeholder’s view of th e company will be seen speculated to comment or prescribe better ways to improve the performance of the company. In another part of this report the personal assessment of the company from the viewpoint of an individual who wishes to apply in the company for a job will be discussed. This discussion will include the complete analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats which the company may face and the complete analysis of the financial position of the company will be analyzed. The purpose would be to speculate the performance of the company and the future growth which the company plans to attain in the future. COMPANY OVERVIEW Lenovo Group Limited is a renowned name in the computer industry. It is a Chinese company with operations spread across the globe. The headquarters of the company is located in two countries. One is located in Beijing, China and another is at Morrisville, North Carolina. The registered office of the company is in Hong Kong, China. Lenov o is known across the globe for selling Tablet PC’s Servers Electronic storage devices Software’s Smart Phones etc. Lenovo was recognized as the second largest PC vendor for the year 2012. Its operations are spread across sixty companies of the globe with sales in more than 160 countries. The company was founded in 1984 in the capital city of China, Beijing and was incorporated in 1988 in Hong Kong. Lenovo is a listed company and is also considered as a â€Å"Red Chip† company. AN ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY To analyze the computer industry in terms of the functions and the operations of the business the Porters Five Forces Analysis must be done. The components of the Porters

Analysis of Lindt Sprüngli Chocolate Brand

Analysis of Lindt Sprà ¼ngli Chocolate Brand In 2001, chocolate production (without semi-finished products) in Germany reached to 730,000 tons, of which 50,000 tons were exported. Sales volume of German chocolate market was the biggest in the Europe (EUR 3.4 billion). Approximately 100 producers existed in the chocolate industry. 35% of the market was served by the 2 biggest players: Ferrero (from Italy) and Kraft Foods (from the USA). Both of them marketed multiple brands of chocolate and were producing mainly for mass market. There also existed many family-owned small confectioners. They were specialised in fine chocolates and exquisite pralines. Lindt Sprà ¼ngli, a medium-sized company, hold the 3rd position in the German chocolate market. The company served only premium segment. Market could be segmented by the type of chocolate used in the production: dark chocolate, white chocolate or whole milk chocolate. But the most common way was to distinguish the market by the product type: chocolate tablets, pralines, seasonal products, chocolate bars, chocolate surprise products and chocolate snacks. Lindt Sprà ¼ngli products comprised only the first 3 types: chocolate tablets, pralines, seasonal products. The following main distribution channels could be identified: Specialty stores carried high quality chocolate, provided good service to customers, enabled confectioners to receive direct feedback from consumers and to run promotions at the point of sale. General retailers consist of food retailers and discount stores. This channel distributes products for mass market. Discount stores are classified as hard (focusing only on price) and soft stores. General retailers provided low or no service for the customers. Proprietary shops or praline boutiques usually owned by small family-owned confectioners. This channel allowed the manufacturer to be very close to end-customer and evaluate their feedback. Flagship stores, also qualified as proprietary shops, were used mainly to promote brand image. Convineince stores focused mainly on impulse purchases. Online shops were only marginaly important in Germany. Factory outlets were used to sell the overproduction or second choice products. Specialty stores were the core distribution channel for the Lindt Sprà ¼ngli. But discount stores were putting high pressure on Specialty store. In 2000 discount store sales increased by approximately 40% compared to 1992, and Lindts sales in specialty stores dropped by around 14% compared to 1992 (though moderate increase from 1997). Since 1997 Lindt Sprà ¼ngli also used food retailers and soft discounters as additional distribution channel. Their step was made with caution and didnt take full advantage of segment growth, though raised high disapproval of specialty stores. Strategic Alternatives Lindt Sprà ¼ngli has different strategic alternatives. 1. Company can choose exclusive intensity for distribution: totally quit the mass market and sell only through specialty stores. (Michael R. Solomon, 2009) In this case, Lindts brand image would increase, appropriate service would be provided, control on the distribution channel would increase, emotional connection with the customer would be established, close feedback sales in specialty stores would be monitored and specialty stores will be satisfied with decision. The negative effects are decreased revenue (mass market is a big market), increased bargaining power of specialty stores. (Grant, 2010) 2. Intensive distribution largely focusing on mass market is another option (while distribution through specialty stores is sustained). For implementing this strategy the company should largely use food retailers and soft discounter. This will probably increase the sales, and lower specialty stores bargaining power. In this case Lindt Sprà ¼ngli could decrease its expenditure on RD. The negative effects of this option are lower brand image, little or no control on the quality of service, little or no feedback from consumer, vertical channel conflict (high competition will lead to lower margins) dissatisfaction of specialty stores. Use of hard discounter would have destructive negative affect on brand image. (Spekman, 2009) 3. Flagship stores could be used to increase brand image and brand identity. This would also decrease bargaining power of specialty stores and could bring dissatisfaction of the latter. 4. Factory outlets could be used to sell the overproduction at low price. The overproduction of high priced products shouldnt be sold here. 5. For using convenience stores Lindt have to develop new products like snacks. Use of this option will negatively affect the brand image. 6. Online shops could be used for premium products. Especially for the seasonal products, it could be used to arrange a delivery as a gift. Given to increase the sales and to sustain the companys philosophy of providing high quality chocolate, the best solution for Lindt Sprà ¼ngli could be the use of multi-channel distribution. Company can split into 2 different brand names: Lindt Luxury (for example) and Lindt. The first would be for high quality premium products with rigorous selected ingredients, and the second would serve mass market. This strategy only partly would harm brand image, but would increase the market share and revenues. Specialty stores would be only partly dissatisfied, as their products would differ from those of retailers and discounters. Online shops could be used additionally.

President Noynoy Aquino’s Sona Essay

It’s not easy to make a change, but it’s god that we take even a single step to achieve change. The mainstream of Aquino’s Sona is about the utak wang-wang of the government officials not just in streets but also in government and our economy. He is persistent to end the culture of wang-wang, or I may say his obsession to remove the utak wang-wang in our government. To end the â€Å"wang-wang† culture in the government, there are some of the ways or solutions that our government had achieved. The ratings of hunger has dropped from 20. 5% in March to 15. % this June, as said by the Filipino families who used to be hungry but now can eat properly every day. The upgrade of credit ratings. proper taxation. Solutions for anomalies in Region 4B. From 1. 3 million metric tons of rice storage, it has gone down to 660 000 metric tons as Aquino said â€Å"Ang gusto nating mangyari: Una, hindi tayo aangkat ng hindi kailangan, para lang punan ang bulsa ng mga gusting magsariling-diskarte ng kita sa agrikultura; Ikalawa: Ayaw nating umasa sa pag-angkat, ang isasaing ni Juan dela Cruz ditto ipupunla, ditto aanihin, ditto bibilhin†. He also implemented the pabahay for the policemen and soldiers by awarding 4000 Certificate of Entitlement to Lot Allocation. Also, soon we will have the possibility in upgrading modernization of equipments for our armed forces, this goes to show how far our economy will go with good governance, and we can buy equipments at good prices without having to place envelopes in anyone’s pockets. Walang tayong balak mang-away, pero kailangan ding mabatid ng mundo na handa tayong ipagtanggol ang atin†, our government is now studying the possibility of elevating the case on the West Philippines Sea to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Another is to decrease the incidents of car napping; create jobs for the jobless is somewhat achieved, because it was said that in April 2010 the unemployment rates was 8%, in April 2011 it was at 7. 2%. here is hope, there is always hope indeed because the ambition of the Filipinos is to work abroad but now Filipinos can take their pick, as long as we pursue our dreams with determination and diligence, we can realize them. Another achievement is the law Synchronizing ARMM the national elections. He discussed the issue in PAGCOR who spent 1 billion on coffee alone. The assigned a new Ombudsman and he expect that this year they will fill the first major cases against corrupt and their accomplices. Now the DOJ is fulfilling its role in cases regarding tax evasion, drug trafficking, human trafficking, smuggling, graft and corruption, extrajudicial killings and etc. â€Å"Good governance yields positive results†, our president said, they will ensure that the people’s money is put in rightful place. Aside from what I listed, there are a lot of things that our government has achieved as stated in Aquino’s Sona . Aquino strongly stand that â€Å"May mga nagsasabing pinepersonal ko raw ang paghahabol sa mga tiwali. Totoo po: Personal talaga sa akin ang paggawa ng tama, at ang pagpapanagot sa mga gumagawa ng mali – ino man sila. At hindi lamang dapat ako ang namemersonal sa usaping ito. Personal dapat ito sa ating lahat, dahil bawat Pilipino ay biktima nito. † Truly, corruption affects us all. Corruption is a personal thing to Aquino for everyone should not repeat the mistakes we committed in the past; instead of forgiving those corrupt officials they must face the consequence of their action. It is good to know that our government headed by our president is taking actions to this angst and major dilemma. We heard different allegations of corruption in AFP, Department of agriculture, PCSO, PAGCOR, DPWH, BIR, Bureau of Customs and etc. Corruption is everywhere, from national government to local one’s, making it a number one priority is a good thing or an obsession to totally terminate it. â€Å"Bibigyan natin ang mga maralitang pamilyang ito ng pagkakataong makahaon sa buhay, dahil ang pag-asenso nila ay pag-angat ng bung bansa. † â€Å"Nagtatag ng pagbabago upang mas mapatibay ang pundasyon ng maaliwalas na buhay para sa lahat. â€Å"Mamumuhunan tayo sa taumbayan, habang namumuhunan din sa kalikasan. † Huwag po nating limutin: inasasayang lang ang lahat n gating narrating kung hindi tuluyang maiwawaksi ang kultura ng korupsyon na dinatnan natin. † Those are just some of the words of wisdom and priorities said by Aquino which can be achieved in his term as he promised, thus, making it one of my favorites. â€Å"Kailangan manatiling magkatugma ang ating mga programa, dahil ang ikauunlad ng buong bansa ay manganganak din ng resulta sa inyong pook†. According to him there are laws that the congress has approved such as GOCC governance, ARMM synchronization, Lifeline Electricity Rates Extension, Joint congressional power commission extension, children and infant’s mandatory immunization and women night workers. He also promised that they will deliver to the congress their budget proposal for 2012 and is looking forward to its early passage so that they can build on our current momentum. To sum it all up, here are the topics that had been tackled in Aquino’s 2nd Sona . He vows to end the culture of wang-wang; he aims that our country will have a cheaper, more reliable source of energy; more honest DPWH; no more over-importation of rice; better benefits for police and military; better implementation of anti-traficking in persons act; employment; good health programs for the poor; law synchronizing ARMM with national elections; solution to flood problems; development of prototype monorail system for our country; he calls private sectors to pay proper taxes; he said that â€Å"Spartly islands are ours and the government will defend the country’s territory and sovereignty†; his administration is ready to submit the national budger to congress; he appoints the new Ombudsman; lastly, he asks the Filipinos to stop crab mentality, as he verbalized â€Å"let us make the effort to recognize the good that is being done. If you see something right, do not think twice, praise it. † There is a praise that strucked me: â€Å"Bago ka umuwi galling sa eskuwela, lapitan mo ang guro mong piniling mamuhunan sa iyong kinabukasan kaysa unahin ang sariling ginhawa, sabihin mo, salamat po. † As a student teacher, these made my heart warm; I was somewhat astonished that our president recognized the teachers who are working hard in imparting knowledge and values to the students despite of the small salary. As a student teacher I will take this as an inspiration, to be a great teacher someday. For me, I do believe that we already made a change. With an honest and rightful government, it is possible, with the government headed by our president’s way of making a right path or tuwid na landas. It’s only been a year since Aquino stepped into the position of presidency, but as we can see there are changes, good changes. I know this is just a beginning; there are many things for all of us. Yes, we do still have five years left to make a change and progress in all aspects of our economy, but one thing we must know, change and progress should come from ourselves, change over wrongdoings then impart the good ones to be better and have a great and better life someday.

Dr. Roylott Character Analysis

How is Dr Roylott presented to the reader in â€Å"The Speckled Band†? Through out the story, Roylott is overall presented as threatening, dangerous and a intelligent man. This can be identified through his appearance, behaviour and motives, there is also evidence of this personality in the story. Also, Conan Doyle uses various phrases and words to describe him which suggests the man to be dangerous. When describing Dr Roylott ,Conan Doyle uses strong words to mould an image of him in the readers mind to be a horrible person.Phrases such as â€Å"a large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles, burned yellow with the sun, and marked with every evil passion† can suggest a lot of things. † a large face† simply can give the image of quite a large or strong person, this can give the idea that Roylott is towering over everyone else and not someone who loses in physical or vocal arguments due to his threatening and fearsome build. † Seared with a thousand wrin kles† can show a serious and aggressive man and if we were to go deeper on this point, it could therefore show that he may be a man who is impatient and has a short temper.The word â€Å"seared† is normally used when something burns onto something else so when used in this context it adds a feeling of anger to Dr Roylotts character. â€Å"Evil passion† can suggest two things, one is that he is an evil man which can be supported by actions through out the story and â€Å"passion† shows he is someone who is quite relentless and sadistic because passion is often used to describe someone who is dedicated and interested with something. the door had suddenly been dashed open and a huge man had framed himself in the aperture† the words â€Å"suddenly† and â€Å"dashed† shows Roylott to be impatient, selfish and irrespective of others around him. He clearly isn't scared of anyone as â€Å"suddenly† suggests him to be confident about him self as he doesn’t care about any one. â€Å"he has no friends at all save the wandering gypsies† this can show a sense of loneliness and recluse about Roylotts character. This can lead to the reader thinking he may be quite dangerous because if you have no friends you tend to not be a very nice person. Among some other quotes, apart from just being trong and threatening he is portrayed intelligently and slyly. Quotes such as â€Å"He is so cunning that I never knew when I am safe from him† shows as well as being strong and quite psychotic, he is able to keep his thoughts in order and not constantly be aggressive which makes him even more dangerous. â€Å"cunning† is often used to describe foxes and Roylott does not have any resemblance to a fox but this is what makes the quote so effective because it shows the variety of things he is capable of. Also, a quite simple observation of Roylott is he is a Doctor which shows he is intelligent and also supports the fact that he is cunning.In the story, Roylott had beaten his native butler to death and narrowly escaped a capital sentence and this shows a large area of Roylotts character. The fact that he beat his native butler to death obviously shows he is not afraid of killing another human being but the fact that he escaped a capital sentence shows he is important and respected by some and also supports the point that he is intelligent as he's clever enough to escape the sentence. The reason why Dr Roylott murdered Julia was the intention that he would gain money which shows his greediness and the extent he would go to to get what he wants.Also, when he meets Holmes he treats him with hostility and bends a â€Å"steel poker† into a curve and throws it into the fire. He also calls Holmes â€Å"the meddler† and threatens him and tells him to keep out of his business. When he calls him â€Å"the meddler† it may show that although Roylott is intelligent, anger can drown his intelligent out because if he was intelligent he would not call Holmes â€Å"the meddler† and suggests he was up to something and didn’t wants Holmes to know anything about.Generally Dr Roylott is portrayed very negatively and insecure through out the book in a way that the reader will grow to hate him, this creates the ending climax when Roylott is killed by his own crime and wrong intentions. Through out the book his character is slowly revealed to be bold, threatening, intelligent and strong, these merge to create his character and gives more possibility to the mysteries of the main events through out the

media and eating disorders essays

media and eating disorders essays The media today is one of the greatest influences on societies actions, personalities, and beliefs. Society conducts their lives to the point where they are just living a life that media has created for them. Sometimes this influence is taken into consideration to deeply and starts to harm society. The image of a woman in todays society as portrayed by media is one that is almost artificial. Mass media has come to develop this idea that to be a beautiful women, one has to be passive in personality, flawless, and most of all, as thin as a yard stick. Media has taken the image of a woman and warped it into something so unpractical that women and young girls are harming their bodies to look like these manufactured models. Mass media definitely has heavy influence on the growing rate of eating disorders among young girls and women in todays society. The media is something that the average American cannot escape unless they barricaded themselves in their house forever. The media is all around us. In stores, on TV, on the radio, and even on the back of a bathroom stall door. A person sees on average 3000 ads per day and spends almost 35 years watching just television commercials (Kilbourne). These forms of media we see everyday influence the way we live. This can range from the style of clothes that we wear to what we eat for dinner. Media corporations run our lives. Society as a whole feels that these things that are advertised are standards that we should be living by. Given that we as a society strive to live up to the expectations of the media the argument is if media has any influence at all of eating disorders. There is no doubt that media has an effect on this. Women and young girls, especially girls going through puberty are constantly having images of extremely skinny women shoved into their faces. They are taught and influenced that if they want to be beautiful then they must definitely look this way...

Patrice Lumumba †Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo

Patrice Lumumba – Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo Free Online Research Papers Patrice Émery Lumumba was born on July 2nd 1925, and was assassinated January 17th 1961. Lumumba was an African anti-colonial leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo. He was elected because he helped to win its independence from Belgium in June 1960. Only ten weeks later, Lumumbas government was deposed in coup during the Congo Crisis. He was subsequently imprisoned and assassinated under controversial circumstances. In my opinion, Patrice Lumumba served as a great martyr for the Congolese people. According to dictionary.com, a martyr is a person who is put to death or endures great suffering on behalf of any belief, principle, or cause: a martyr to the cause of social justice. As shown is the movie, Lumumba fought for what he believed in. He sacrificed many things to accomplish freedom for the Congo. Lumumba was not afraid to challenge white supremacy and denounce the oppressive way Europeans treated Africans. One thing I noticed in the movie was that Lumumba was very family oriented and cared a lot not just for his family, but his followers also. As I said above, Lumumba was elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo in June 1960. Sixty-seven days after he came to power, Patrice Lumumba was dismissed by state president Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Lumumba was placed under informal house arrest at the prime ministers residence. UN troops were positioned around the house to â€Å"protect† him. After he was arrested, Lumumba made the decision to escape out of his residence at night in a visiting diplomats car. Mobutus troops were in hot pursuit, they followed him. At this point in the movie, a Congolese civilian stopped Lumumba’s vehicle and warned him that Mobutu’s troops were very close behind. He was told to â€Å"Get off the main road†, so they decided to cross the Sankuru River. The scene in the movie shows Lumumba looking back at his family, with terror in his eyes. From the expression on his face you can tell he won’t be seeing his wife and family ever again after that day. He was captured that day near the Sankuru River by soldiers loyal to Colonel Mobutu. Lumumba was then transported on January 17, 1961, from the military prison in Thysville near Leopoldville to a â€Å"more secure† prison in Jadotville in the Katanga Province. There were reports that Lumumba and his fellow prisoners, Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito, were beaten by provincial police upon their arrival in secessionist Katanga. Lumumba and his fellow prisoners were taken into the woods and shot one by one. The guards tied them to a tree and shot them. As they dragged his followers, they resisted. All but one. Lumumba walked himself to the tree, and immediately pressed his back against the tree. He was not afraid to die for what he believed in. It wasn’t enough that these three men were shot and killed; they were cut into pieces and then burned. There is no evidence of their death and no ashes. One thing I learned from this film is that Lumumba had faith that his message would live on after his death. This is very hard to believe, especially when he was treated so badly by Mobutu and his army. Research Papers on Patrice Lumumba - Prime Minister of the Republic of the CongoQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Unreasonable Searches and SeizuresPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind Travel

The Life of Carl Theodor Dreyer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Life of Carl Theodor Dreyer - Essay Example Before coming into the care of Danish Lutheran typographer Carl Theodor Dreyer and his wife Inger Marie at the age of two, the infant Nielsen was already placed in two foster homes. It should be noted that even before the adoption was finally legalized, the mother of Dreyer died after consuming a large dose of phosphorous in order to induce miscarriage as she was then pregnant again with her second child out of wedlock (Acquarello 1). The young Dreyer never got the opportunity of developing a good relationship with his foster parents as they constantly reminded him that his mother had neglected her social responsibilities. They have also expected that Dreyer will recompense them on their charity (Alleva 3). It is uncertain whether Dreyer had learned the story behind his true identity, yet this circumstance in his life has left a profound impact on the famous film director as evidenced by his filmography. What has become apparent is that Dreyer has endured a deep wound even if he avoids talking about his childhood and parental estrangement in his numerous interviews and public appearances (Acquarello 1). Dreyer excelled academically. ... He became a celebrity profiler for Scandinavian theater artists. He worked as a reporter in several prominent newspapers which include Berlingske Tindendi, Politiken, and Riget. Being a very talented writer, Dreyer captured the promising aviation industry by his "technically comprehensive articles." The Nordisk Film Company then employed him as a hot air balloon technical adviser. Dreyer started in the film industry by doing the titling and writing film scripts for a number of studios before signing an exclusive contract with Nordisk. Within this company, Dreyer had shown his exceptional skill in film editing. The encouragement and tutelage of Wilhelm Staehr became the stepping stone of Dreyer to venture into film directing (Acquarello 3). The first film of Dreyer created in 1918 was a "banal melodrama" entitled The President. Even in this first movie, the director already revealed his objective of creating a personal stamp in the movie industry. It should be noted that instead of selecting studio actors employed by Nordisk, Dreyer opted to respond to his artistic intuition by personally electing his own cast of professional and non-professional actors. Dreyer selected his artists for "their appropriate face types to the situational and psychological profile of the character that they portray" (Acquarello 3). The director also chose to create an atmosphere of realism and naturalness in his film by doling out cosmetics and ornately decorated sets. It is irrefutable that The President depicts an important issue in Dreyer's life. The film tackles the issue of a biological parents' moral responsibility for a child conceived out of wedlock. The story line is about "a prominent and well respected judge [who] is forced to decide the

Business Plan F Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Plan F - Essay Example The solon business can manage to allure and create a large customer base. Many of our esteemed customers come from far distance to enjoy the services. In this regard, the salon management have opted to embrace change as far as our brand, services, products, activities are concerned. It is the ambitions of owners to serve the entire city of London, demand from clients, and procurement of professional beauticians that made the management embrace the transition and venture into mobile beauty. Two ladies own the venture; Jane Sever and Susan Comb. The two together one gentlemen form the management team of walking beauty salon. The salon’s premises are located in the Baker Street on the south side. Walking beauty has talented and qualified team of beauticians. Also, the management team has personnel qualified in the field of hairdressing and beauty. With a new venture and strategies in place, the walking beauty expects a growing reputation to attract new customers and other beauticians into the new venture. To shift to mobile beauty operation and achieve the set goal, walking beauty seeks a loan to finance the new venture sufficiently. The loan will be serviced from the cash-inflow of the business. The loan will also be collateralized by the firms assets and backed by the personal guarantees, experience and character of the management. The firm needs new and more assets to transform the firms ways of operation. The firm will require start-up capital for leasehold, assets, maintenance and improvements in to start a new operation. The requirements to start the operation are legal fees, premises deposits, van, dryers, large mirror, two sided mirror, assorted brushes and combs, electric razors, pairs of scissors, computer, printer and spray bottle. The depreciation of long-term assets will be based on a straight line method. Walking

DWI (debate) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DWI (debate) - Essay Example However, before taking a stand in this issue, DWI should consider the legal and ethical implications of the change proposed by FCC. The further consolidation and merger among industry players will mean observance of more policies set by the government concerning duopolies and tripolies which are not currently allowed. DWI will also be faced with the challenge of operating in a less deregulated media industry. If DWI will merge with other media players, it will also be faced by the burden of delineating the responsibilities and ownership within the newly formed organization. Ethically, DWI should consider all its stakeholders including its customers, employees, competitors, lobbying groups, and other public relations. Since consolidation and merger often means downsizing, DWI should also be ready to legally give fulfill its liability to its employees. In this issue, the company should thoroughly consider its employees especially now that they are vocally expressing their opposition to the new policy. DWI's stand will surely have a huge impact on its image. It should be noted that researches have exposed that free TV does not really suffer from losses because most of these companies are connected or even owners of cable stations.

The Impact of Advertising on Women Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Advertising on Women Essay Everyday of our lives, we are exposed to dozens of advertisements, whether it be on television, the radio, in magazines, on billboards or signs, or anywhere else that companies try to reach us in an effort to promote the products they sell. Advertisers appeal to our hopes, dreams, wants and desires, and exploit our insecurities in an effort to sell us a product, ranging from cars, to household appliances, to a bottle of shampoo. Advertising affects everyone, whether they acknowledge it or not, and it often promotes something that is out of reach to the average person, such as great wealth, or a perfect body. Advertising often carries an overload or excess of meaning, such as statements of power, wealth, leisure, and sexual allure, and they also convey meanings of race and gender. (â€Å"Introduction: Media Studies†) As this paper will demonstrate, advertising is an extremely powerful tool which has the ability to change the way we perceive ourselves. Of particular interest is the effect that advertising has on women. Women are continually bombarded by advertisements in which they are told, directly or indirectly, that they must be thin in order to be beautiful, and they are marketed products that they are led to believe will help them achieve their desired body image of being thin. Women become convinced that they must look like sexy all the time, when in reality, it is almost impossible. Women often begin dieting in order to attain the perfect body that they are striving for, and they occasionally undertake more extreme measures to lose weight, such as bulimia or anorexia, all because they are led to believe, by advertising, that they must have a perfect body. Women are also sexually objectified in advertising, and viewed as merely sexual objects. This paper will explore in depth how women are portrayed in advertising and, more importantly, the impact which it has on them. In western culture, a slender physique has come to be regarded as the standard of feminine beauty; although it is an unrealistic benchmark for nearly all women. The average woman has a seven percent chance that she will be as slim as a catwalk model, and an even lesser chance that she will be as thin as a supermodel. (Konrad, 2008) A 2000 study found that the body fat of models and actresses is, on average, 10 percent less than that of a typical active, healthy woman. (â€Å"Behind the Hype: Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign†) The models that companies use in advertising are also getting thinner relative to the average population. Twenty years ago, models weighed 8 percent less than the average woman. Today, they weigh 23% less than the average female population. (â€Å"Beauty and Body Image in the Media†) However, these truths do not stop women from trying to attain the perfection they see in every day advertisements. Since advertising continually implies that women should be slender, those who do not have this particular body type often suffer from low self esteem and hold a negative self image of their body. After a study in which women viewed sexual and non-sexual ads, the women who viewed the sexual ads rated themselves as being larger, on average, than the women who viewed the non-sexual ads, and women who viewed the sexual ads also expressed greater dissatisfaction over their current physique than the women who watched the non-sexual ads. (Tygart) George Lipsitz has argued that consumer culture and media representations play a greater role than ever in defining identities. (â€Å"Just Do It†) When women see thinness represented in advertising, they would like to look like the models they see and have that same identity that is being shown to them. In addition to women feeling pressure to conform to the desired body type due to their constant exposure to it in advertising, they also are under pressure to attain the perfect body because they believe it is what men feel they must look like. According to a study published in American Behavioural Scientist (Choi et al. , 2008), women are able to realize that the images of supermodels that they see in advertisements are unrealistic and they recognize that they will not be able to attain the body of a supermodel. However, these same women feel that men who view these advertisements will not be able to ascertain the fact that the body types shown are unrealistic. Since women feel that men cannot discern the unrealistic nature of the female body that is presented in advertisements, they feel that men will expect them to meet the standards of beauty portrayed in these ads. Consequently, this leads women to desire to look like the models they see in advertisements, not necessarily because they want to, but because they believe that men view it as realistic and attainable. As stated by Choi, et al. (2008), â€Å"Women are influenced by unrealistic media imagery because they are well aware that men will view those images as real, and value them. † It is argued that, although women know the images shown to them in advertising are unrealistic, they are unable to ignore them, because of the threat of men judging their bodies. Since advertising has the effect of making women desire a thin, slender body that is almost impossible to attain, they frequently make radical efforts in an attempt to get it. An astonishing 75 percent of women who are a normal weight feel that they are in fact overweight. The Anorexia Nervosa Related Eating Disorders research group states that one in four college aged women undertakes unhealthy methods of weight control, ranging from skipping meals and laxative abuse, to self induced vomiting. (â€Å"Beauty and Body Image in the Media†) It has also been estimated that magazines directed to a female audience contain over ten times as many advertisements promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, advocating a variety of solutions, from diet pills to cosmetic surgery. Researchers have shown that this advertising has led to an increase in eating disorders. (Choi, et al. , 2008) Teenage girls who already claimed to be dissatisfied with their body image showed a higher tendency towards dieting and bulimic behaviours after prolonged exposure to advertisements in a teen girl magazine. (â€Å"Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising†) Self-image is often affected in teenage girls because they cannot escape the message that their bodies are imperfect. â€Å"A Girl of Many Parts†) Many researchers believe that advertisers want women to feel insecure and disappointed with their body shape, since this will create the desire for an unattainable body that will increase the consumption of products that companies are trying to sell, such as skin care creams, weight loss supplements, and others. Paul Hamburg, a professor at Harvard Medical School, states: â€Å"The media markets desire. And by reproducing ideals that are absurdly out of line w ith what real bodies do look like, the media perpetuates a market for frustration and disappointment. Its customers will never disappear. † (â€Å"Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising†) In terms of sexual objectification, women agreed that they were sexually objectified in advertising, however, contrary to popular belief, younger women appear to no longer have an issue with it. The â€Å"third wave† of feminism today embraces sexuality, and views sex as power. (Dahlberg Zimmerman, 2008) Many feminists now believe it is acceptable for women to use their glamour to their advantage, as long as they are doing it out of their own free will. According to a recent study, young, educated women are not offended by the sexual objectification of women in advertising, which may be a product of the highly sexualized culture we live in today. (Dahlberg Zimmerman, 2008) Although women are deeply affected by how models appear in advertisements, by their desire to want to look like them, the women of today no longer appear to be affected by the sexuality in advertising, and in many cases, they are embracing it. To conclude the efforts, if any, which are being made to change the portrayal of women in advertising should be examined. Although advertising on the whole is still relatively unchanged with respect to its portrayal of women, some companies have altered the message they send about beauty and changed their advertising to reflect this change. An example is Dove, and its Real Beauty advertising campaign. Dove launched the Real Beauty campaign in response to a study it undertook among females aged 18 to 64, the majority of whom felt that advertising set an unrealistic standard of beauty for women that is nearly impossible to achieve. â€Å"Behind the Hype: Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign†) The ads featured the use of everyday women instead of professional models, and images that were not airbrushed in any way. The campaign has been well-received and led to an 11. 4% increase in Dove’s sales in early 2005, although, some critics stated that the campaign promotes obesity in a time when many Americans are struggling with weight issues. Since Dove introduced the â€Å"Real Beauty† advert ising campaign, both Nike and Levi’s released similar campaigns, featuring everyday people as opposed to models. â€Å"Behind the Hype: Dove’s Real Beauty Campaign†) It remains to be seen whether this trend will continue into the future, but at the very least it demonstrates that companies are beginning to provide an alternative to the advertising they had used in the past. In summation, advertising plays a considerable role in how women regard themselves and in their perceptions of how they should look. Advertisers use models with a physique that all but the few, most genetically gifted women could ever attain. As previously stated, he average model has a body fat percentage which is 10 percent less than that of a typical healthy, active woman, and supermodels, on average, weigh 23 percent less than the average woman. After viewing advertisements featuring supermodels, women often feel worse about themselves and begin to suffer from poor self-image and low self-esteem. Even a small amount of exposure to advertising has been demonstrated to make this occur; although women are exposed to hundreds of advertisements on a weekly basis. However, women no longer appear to be affected by the sexual objectification they see in advertising, which has been attributed to the third wave of feminism and the sexually charged culture that we live in. Women also feel pressure to look like a supermodel because, although, they often realize that what is advertised to them is not realistic, they believe that men do not realize this and want regular women to look like the models they see in advertisements. This leads women to seek out that body type, since they feel that men expect it from them. Women undertake everything from common methods of weight loss such as dieting to extreme measures such as anorexia to achieve the body that advertisers tell them they must have. The dissatisfaction they have with their bodies leads them to consume the products that advertisers are marketing to them. One company, Dove has taken a major step forward in its advertising, by using everyday people who have a normal body type in its â€Å"Real Beauty† campaign, and other companies have followed suit with similar advertising, but the majority of advertising still promotes an unrealistic body type as being ideal and desired. Until this changes, women will continue to hold on to the desire to look like a supermodel, however unrealistic that may be, they will continue to go to great distances to turn that farfetched dream into a reality.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

Introduction There has been a proliferation of interest in the development and nature of individual’s thinking patterns and processes following traumatic psychological exposure (Ehlers, Mayou, & Bryant, 1998). In particular, previous research has suggested that specific thinking styles and patterns preceding trauma predict a greater vulnerability and a poorer long-term prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Dalgleish, 2004). Moreover, the literature has illustrated that adolescents can be predisposed to developing PTSD which develops as a result of either direct or indirect exposure to a trauma. For example, witnessing a trauma directly or learning about a specific traumatic event experienced by others (Finkelhor & Dziuba-Leatherman, 1994). Previous research has highlighted that adolescents that have been exposed to a trauma and PTSD may also be more vulnerable to developing aggressive and antisocial behaviours (Falshaw, Browne & Hollin, 1996), alcohol and drug dependence, hypervigilance and impulsive misconduct (Lynam, Caspi, Moffitt, Wikstrà ¶m, Loeber & Novak, 2000). Erwin, Newman, McMackin, Morrissey and Kaloupek (2000) suggest that a reason for this is that early exposure to trauma can have severe impact on adolescent’s functioning in terms of their emotions, cognition and behaviour, poor self-regulation and information-processing. Adding to this, Tyson & Goodman, (1996) suggest that it is these deficits in functioning coupled with the individual’s inability to regulate emotions that predispose them to engaging in protective aggression and dangerous re-enactment behaviours as a way of dealing with their exposure to trauma. The link between dysfunctional cognitions and PTSD has been widely explored by various researchers, and it has been suggested that a tight relationship exists between PTSD and antisocial behaviour in youths (Danckwerts & Leathem, 2003). However, little is yet known about the psychological mechanisms which underlie the relationship. This literature review will explore the underlying mechanisms which predict a greater vulnerability to the onset, development and maintenance of PTSD associated with young offenders. More specifically, depressive cognitions such as rumination and counterfactual thinking will be explored with reference to their link with PTSD. Defining Rumination and Counterfactual Thinking Individuals affected by PTSD often report symptoms of incessant ruminative thinking associated with a traumatic experience. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) does not however distinguish intrusive rumination and intrusive memories associated with the trauma in the development of PTSD. However, more recently various theoretical perspectives propose that the two are functionally distinct and should be regarded as separate entities (Ehlers & Clark, 2000; Joseph, Williams & Yule, 1997; Ehlers & Steil, 1997).

Criminal Justice Workplace Observation Paper

In any workplace the goal of the company is to perform all job duties so that work functions may be carried out accordingly. Jobs that are centered around the criminal justice system have an even more important task of getting things done because just like any other job, criminal justice ones have laws to uphold. This paper will discuss the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR) and its workplace observations. The leadership consists of three levels: upper management, middle management and lower level management. Upper management involves the judge of each case that passes through DHR. The judge is responsible for overseeing the case and making final decisions overall about the case. Middle management consists of the attorneys that are assigned to each case. Attorneys are responsible for making sure the legal aspects of the case in regards to the child are being followed. Lower management consists of the DHR workers. The DHR workers are responsible for making sure the welfare of the child is in their best interest. Culture is one of the most important factors in successfully managing a criminal justice workforce. It is extremely important for each of the above named participants to be able to understand the differing diversities that the courts may encounter. It is not uncommon for a DHR worker to have a caseload with different ethnicities and cultural differences. You can read also  Justice System Position Paper Sometimes, those cultural differences may cause an individual to speak a different language than the worker, judge, or attorney is familiar with. Language barriers can often cause problems with relaying actual problems that are going on with a case. If either of the above participants can fluently speak different languages then that helps not only the court participants, but the people that are involved in the case personally. This will cut down on the legal issues that could arise in cases. Speaking of legal issues, the law is an extremely serious matter in DHR. DHR workers have the ever daunting task of making sure they report behavior to the courts about the welfare of any child. The judges have to make sure they are upholding the law and interpreting it to the best of their ability, and attorneys are built to practice and exercise the good will of the law all according to their states’ statutes.

A Rationale for teaching the Foundation Subjects within Early Years and Primary Education

The underlying basis for the inclusion of foundation subjects within early years and primary education might not be immediately apparent, particularly for first year students studying towards qualified teacher status. This essay will, therefore, unfold the reasons for this inclusion whilst including specific reference to the enclosure of history teaching.The National Curriculum (NC), introduced in 1988 and currently undergoing revision, consists of the core subjects: English, mathematics and science; compulsory at all key stages, and the foundation subjects: art, design technology (DT), geography, history, information and communication technology (ICT), modern foreign languages (MFL), music, personal, social and health education (PSHE) and physical education (PE); most of which are compulsory at one or more of the key stages (DfE, 2013).It is also important to remember that Religious Education is included within the basic curriculum and is legally bound to be taught, however children can forego the subject at their parents request. Since 2008 the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) has become integrated within all childcare providers, except mother and toddler groups, nannies and short-term crà ¨ches, and covers the welfare and development of children (BBC). This essay will not only demonstrate a rationale for the inclusion of foundation subjects in both the EYFS and NC, but also examine how history is developed into children’s learning through both stages.Boys and Spink (2008) believe the foundation subjects and RE ‘have the potential to be the most powerful, most meaningful and most relevant areas of learning for all learners’ (p. xii). Hoodless (2008) develops this further with history, stating â€Å"the most significant reason for teaching history in primary schools is that it motivates children and captures their imaginations† (p. 2). Both statements reflect on the importance of teaching history and other foundation subjects, ye t focuses on extra-curricular benefits.History can lead to many cross-curricular links and it has been suggested by Davies and Redmond (1998) that teaching history in isolation ‘would be a horrible waste of universal discipline’ (p. 39). Looking at time-lines in history can help to develop mathematical skills, whereas art can be pulled in by the associations with drawing or painting ancient artefacts. Fines (2013) also believes in the importance of history due to its cross-curricular abilities, he says â€Å"history can contribute to learning across the whole spectrum of the curriculum and does so effectively† (p.6).As a core subject, mathematics is something that, when applicable, should always be integrated into a child’s learning. However, as a foundation subject itself, art is a skill which helps to develop children’s creativity and imagination, thus making art a valuable attribute that should be included when possible. Furthermore, childrenâ₠¬â„¢s art work is often used as displays within schools; this way of celebrating work is a great way of boasting children’s confidence as well as giving them a sense of reward.This is vital for motivation, enthusiasm and inspiration which will encourage children to get involved in further learning and therefore learn more effectively (NASP, 2003). The NC is currently undergoing revision, due for implementation into schools in September 2014. Government says the review comes from the need to catch up with the world’s best education systems. Prime Minister, David Cameron says this â€Å"revolution in education† is vital for the country's economic affluence and that it should be written by experts and not restricted to ministers' â€Å"personal prejudices† (BBC, 2013).According to The Guardian (2013) changes will be welcome across the Key Stages (KS). However, it claims that for KS1, history will not differ too much from the previous NC and that ‘the m ore noticeable changes are in KS2’. Both Key Stages will see a new stress in the importance of chronological understanding. This is a result of the 2011 Ofsted report in which it states â€Å"although pupils in primary schools generally had good knowledge†¦their chronological understanding and their ability to make links across the knowledge they had gained were weaker† (p. 5).Ofsted (2011) claimed that this was due to ‘many primary teachers not having adequate subject knowledge’ (p. 4). This developed the need for the curriculum to ensure that pupils study an overview as well as in-depth topics. The old curriculum (2000) states that pupils should be taught the knowledge, skills and understanding through: a local history study; three British history studies; a European history study; a world history study (p. 106). Whereas the Programmes of Study for the revised curriculum (2013) shifts towards how history fits together and how events from one time pe riod can affect another, maintaining that  teaching should combine overview with in-depth studies to aid pupils understanding on chronology (p. 3).In Ofsted-registered settings, children from birth to 5 years old work towards the EYFS as opposed to the NC. With regards to history, much of what this age range will learn comes from the ‘Knowledge and Understanding of the World’ aspect of the Early Learning Goals. It is expected that by the end of the foundation stage, children will ‘talk about past and present events in their own lives and in the lives of family members’ (DfE, 2012, p.9) The EYFS understands that it would be unrealistic for such young children to fully comprehend the defined body of factual information that is history, however a development of finding out about changes and passage of time is not (O’Hara and O’Hara, 2001, p. 18). There are many story books that can reveal to young children a language that identifies a concept o f ‘long ago’. Stories such as ‘When Grandma Was Young’ (Humphrey, 2000), ‘Elmer and Grandpa Eldo’ (Mckee, 2001) and ‘My Granny is a Pirate’ (Mcdermid and Robins, 2012) can invoke interest with early years children and inspire them to become inquisitive about the past.It has been suggested that time means nothing to young children. However learning to ask and answer questions through story reading will enhance their concept history. Therefore continuing to do so through the Early Learning Goals will prepare children, entering at primary level, to appreciate the importance of history (Lunn and Bishop, 2004). It is important to remember to children do not stop learning history when they finish their time at primary school. Maintained secondary schools follow the NC which maintains that all children will continue to learn history by means of the KS3 History Programmes of Study (2013).Therefore it is important to prepare children for mo re challenging and precise history learning. New topics shall be introduced so it is important children have the skills to ‘identify significant events, make connections, draw contrasts, and analyse trends’ (p. 72). It is, furthermore, defined that pupils will ‘pursue historically valid enquiries including some they have framed themselves’ (p. 72). This indicates towards children becoming independent critical thinkers, a valuable quality to have in adult life, this alone is a fundamental reason for the inclusion of history in the NC (DfE, 2013).Hoodless (2008) believes that history offers a range opportunities to overcome barriers in learning, with specific reference to gender, class and ethnic and cultural backgrounds. She believes that there are many ways to teach history to make it inclusive to everyone and says that â€Å"inclusive practise involves treating each individual with respect, included them equally in whatever is taking place and responding appropriately to their different needs† (p. 140). She argues that history education can reach individuals in different ways because of the many approaches and strategies used to teach it.For example, a child who struggles to read can be given visual sources to aid their learning rather than long pieces of text, thus benefitting the child more (p. 135). Another underlying reason for teaching history is because of the opportunities it can give to children from minority ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Although sensitivity must be empathised, using cases of past civilisations to stimulate an identification of how prejudgments, such as racism, sexism or any other type of discrimination, arose can then contribute to eliminating them (p.139).Boys and Spink (2008) expands on this by proposing that the history curriculum should be ‘culturally relevant to all pupils’ (p. 71). The United Kingdom has become a diverse multicultural society over the years. Consequently, Boys a nd Spink (2008) suggest that the NC study unit ‘Britain since 1948’ provides an opportunity to explore the Commonwealth immigration (p. 71). Exploring such a topic will provide children with an understanding of different culture’s arrivals into the United Kingdom which they might otherwise not ever be educated on.As part of the Professional Standards for qualified teacher status (QTS), teachers are expected to demonstrate that they are able to plan opportunities for children to learn in out-of-school environments (DfE, 2013, p. 8). Such settings as, museums, theatres, school visits, fieldwork and employment-based locations can all be used as a means for enriching children’s learning. From birth children are trying to make sense of their multi-sensory environment, making them active learners. To limit children’s learning to the classroom would be a shameful waste of the valuable resources that are on offer to enhance their education.Out-of-school lea rning helps to develop skills including decision-making, group work and critical thinking, all of which are key attributes to have. Hoodless et al. (2003) takes this further by saying that ‘the sensory experiences help all kinds of learner to remember and learn from the locality and its inhabitants’ (p. 136). Outside learning can be restricted to the school’s boundaries or the close localities and still offer the same benefits. The school itself can be studied for design elements that can be analysed to identify the age of the building.Taking a short walk out the school grounds can provide a wealth of people, building and landscapes that children can learn from. It is important to remember, however, the risk assessments that need to be carried out in order for these events to take place. In many cases consent from the parent will need to be given in order to take children out of school. It is also essential to prepare clearly structured learning objectives in ord er to achieve greatly from out-of-school learning and make the most of the time dedicated to such pedagogy (Hoodless, 2003, p.137-140).Furthermore, with the threatened return of rickets in children recently, giving them more chances to study outside could prevent this. The Telegraph (2013) reported that the increase has come from children spending ‘too much time indoors on computers and gaming consoles’ which is why incorporating outdoor study into children’s learning will benefit them entirely. Finally, multiple reviews of the foundation subjects within the curriculum only reflect on the commitment for enriching children’s learning that government have (Boys and Spink, 2008, p.xii). Foundation subjects influence cross-curricular and out-of-school learning, making them more appealing and beneficial for children. Additionally, Johnston (2002) talks of how young children [in the EYFS] develop knowledge of how the world works by exploring the world around the m. She says â€Å"the wider their informal experiences, the broader and deeper will be their understandings† (p. 24). This suggests that the integration of foundation learning within the EYFS is the source of children’s initial understanding of the world they live in.The need to develop a sense of history learning in the EYFS has been addressed by looking at the importance of invoking interest about the past. Furthermore, Ofsted (2011) found that history was a ‘popular and successful subject, which many pupils enjoyed’ (p. 5). This statement alone could be the rationale for teaching history in primary schools. A subject that can captivate students and encourage them to learn more is an underlying reason for that subject to be taught. A Rationale for teaching the Foundation Subjects within Early Years and Primary Education The underlying basis for the inclusion of foundation subjects within early years and primary education might not be immediately apparent, particularly for first year students studying towards qualified teacher status. This essay will, therefore, unfold the reasons for this inclusion whilst including specific reference to the enclosure of history teaching.The National Curriculum (NC), introduced in 1988 and currently undergoing revision, consists of the core subjects: English, mathematics and science; compulsory at all key stages, and the foundation subjects: art, design technology (DT), geography, history, information and communication technology (ICT), modern foreign languages (MFL), music, personal, social and health education (PSHE) and physical education (PE); most of which are compulsory at one or more of the key stages (DfE, 2013).It is also important to remember that Religious Education is included within the basic curriculum and is legally bound to be taught, however children can forego the subject at their parents request. Since 2008 the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) has become integrated within all childcare providers, except mother and toddler groups, nannies and short-term creches, and covers the welfare and development of children (BBC). This essay will not only demonstrate a rationale for the inclusion of foundation subjects in both the EYFS and NC, but also examine how history is developed into children’s learning through both stages.Boys and Spink (2008) believe the foundation subjects and RE ‘have the potential to be the most powerful, most meaningful and most relevant areas of learning for all learners’ (p. xii). Hoodless (2008) develops this further with history, stating â€Å"the most significant reason for teaching history in primary schools is that it motivates children and captures their imaginations† (p. 2). Both statements reflect on the importance of teaching history and other foundation subjects, yet f ocuses on extra-curricular benefits.History can lead to many cross-curricular links and it has been suggested by Davies and Redmond (1998) that teaching history in isolation ‘would be a horrible waste of universal discipline’ (p. 39). Looking at time-lines in history can help to develop mathematical skills, whereas art can be pulled in by the associations with drawing or painting ancient artefacts. Fines (2013) also believes in the importance of history due to its cross-curricular abilities, he says â€Å"history can contribute to learning across the whole spectrum of the curriculum and does so effectively† (p.6).As a core subject, mathematics is something that, when applicable, should always be integrated into a child’s learning. However, as a foundation subject itself, art is a skill which helps to develop children’s creativity and imagination, thus making art a valuable attribute that should be included when possible. Furthermore, childrenâ€℠¢s art work is often used as displays within schools; this way of celebrating work is a great way of boasting children’s confidence as well as giving them a sense of reward.This is vital for motivation, enthusiasm and inspiration which will encourage children to get involved in further learning and therefore learn more effectively (NASP, 2003). The NC is currently undergoing revision, due for implementation into schools in September 2014. Government says the review comes from the need to catch up with the world’s best education systems. Prime Minister, David Cameron says this â€Å"revolution in education† is vital for the country's economic affluence and that it should be written by experts and not restricted to ministers' â€Å"personal prejudices† (BBC, 2013).According to The Guardian (2013) changes will be welcome across the Key Stages (KS). However, it claims that for KS1, history will not differ too much from the previous NC and that ‘the more noticeable changes are in KS2’. Both Key Stages will see a new stress in the importance of chronological understanding. This is a result of the 2011 Ofsted report in which it states â€Å"although pupils in primary schools generally had good knowledge†¦their chronological understanding and their ability to make links across the knowledge they had gained were weaker† (p. 5).Ofsted (2011) claimed that this was due to ‘many primary teachers not having adequate subject knowledge’ (p. 4). This developed the need for the curriculum to ensure that pupils study an overview as well as in-depth topics. The old curriculum (2000) states that pupils should be taught the knowledge, skills and understanding through: a local history study; three British history studies; a European history study; a world history study (p. 106).Whereas the Programmes of Study for the revised curriculum (2013) shifts towards how history fits together and how events from one time period can affect another, maintaining that  teaching should combine overview with in-depth studies to aid pupils understanding on chronology (p. 3). In Ofsted-registered settings, children from birth to 5 years old work towards the EYFS as opposed to the NC. With regards to history, much of what this age range will learn comes from the ‘Knowledge and Understanding of the World’ aspect of the Early Learning Goals. It is expected that by the end of the foundation stage, children will ‘talk about past and present events in their own lives and in the lives of family members’ (DfE, 2012, p.  9)The EYFS understands that it would be unrealistic for such young children to fully comprehend the defined body of factual information that is history, however a development of finding out about changes and passage of time is not (O’Hara and O’Hara, 2001, p. 18). There are many story books that can reveal to young children a language that identifies a concept o f ‘long ago’. Stories such as ‘When Grandma Was Young’ (Humphrey, 2000), ‘Elmer and Grandpa Eldo’ (Mckee, 2001) and ‘My Granny is a Pirate’ (Mcdermid and Robins, 2012) can invoke interest with early years children and inspire them to become inquisitive about the past.It has been suggested that time means nothing to young children. However learning to ask and answer questions through story reading will enhance their concept history. Therefore continuing to do so through the Early Learning Goals will prepare children, entering at primary level, to appreciate the importance of history (Lunn and Bishop, 2004). It is important to remember to children do not stop learning history when they finish their time at primary school. Maintained secondary schools follow the NC which maintains that all children will continue to learn history by means of the KS3 History Programmes of Study (2013).Therefore it is important to prepare children for mo re challenging and precise history learning. New topics shall be introduced so it is important children have the skills to ‘identify significant events, make connections, draw contrasts, and analyse trends’ (p. 72). It is, furthermore, defined that pupils will ‘pursue historically valid enquiries including some they have framed themselves’ (p. 72). This indicates towards children becoming independent critical thinkers, a valuable quality to have in adult life, this alone is a fundamental reason for the inclusion of history in the NC (DfE, 2013).Hoodless (2008) believes that history offers a range opportunities to overcome barriers in learning, with specific reference to gender, class and ethnic and cultural backgrounds. She believes that there are many ways to teach history to make it inclusive to everyone and says that â€Å"inclusive practise involves treating each individual with respect, included them equally in whatever is taking place and responding appropriately to their different needs† (p. 140). She argues that history education can reach individuals in different ways because of the many approaches and strategies used to teach it.For example, a child who struggles to read can be given visual sources to aid their learning rather than long pieces of text, thus benefitting the child more (p. 135). Another underlying reason for teaching history is because of the opportunities it can give to children from minority ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Although sensitivity must be empathised, using cases of past civilisations to stimulate an identification of how prejudgments, such as racism, sexism or any other type of discrimination, arose can then contribute to eliminating them (p.  139).Boys and Spink (2008) expands on this by proposing that the history curriculum should be ‘culturally relevant to all pupils’ (p. 71). The United Kingdom has become a diverse multicultural society over the years. Consequently, Bo ys and Spink (2008) suggest that the NC study unit ‘Britain since 1948’ provides an opportunity to explore the Commonwealth immigration (p. 71). Exploring such a topic will provide children with an understanding of different culture’s arrivals into the United Kingdom which they might otherwise not ever be educated on.As part of the Professional Standards for qualified teacher status (QTS), teachers are expected to demonstrate that they are able to plan opportunities for children to learn in out-of-school environments (DfE, 2013, p. 8). Such settings as, museums, theatres, school visits, fieldwork and employment-based locations can all be used as a means for enriching children’s learning. From birth children are trying to make sense of their multi-sensory environment, making them active learners. To limit children’s learning to the classroom would be a shameful waste of the valuable resources that are on offer to enhance their education.Out-of-school learning helps to develop skills including decision-making, group work and critical thinking, all of which are key attributes to have. Hoodless et al. (2003) takes this further by saying that ‘the sensory experiences help all kinds of learner to remember and learn from the locality and its inhabitants’ (p. 136). Outside learning can be restricted to the school’s boundaries or the close localities and still offer the same benefits. The school itself can be studied for design elements that can be analysed to identify the age of the building.Taking a short walk out the school grounds can provide a wealth of people, building and landscapes that children can learn from. It is important to remember, however, the risk assessments that need to be carried out in order for these events to take place. In many cases consent from the parent will need to be given in order to take children out of school. It is also essential to prepare clearly structured learning objectives in order to achieve greatly from out-of-school learning and make the most of the time dedicated to such pedagogy (Hoodless, 2003, p.  137-140).Furthermore, with the threatened return of rickets in children recently, giving them more chances to study outside could prevent this. The Telegraph (2013) reported that the increase has come from children spending ‘too much time indoors on computers and gaming consoles’ which is why incorporating outdoor study into children’s learning will benefit them entirely. Finally, multiple reviews of the foundation subjects within the curriculum only reflect on the commitment for enriching children’s learning that government have (Boys and Spink, 2008, p.  xii).Foundation subjects influence cross-curricular and out-of-school learning, making them more appealing and beneficial for children. Additionally, Johnston (2002) talks of how young children [in the EYFS] develop knowledge of how the world works by exploring the world around them. She says â€Å"the wider their informal experiences, the broader and deeper will be their understandings† (p. 24). This suggests that the integration of foundation learning within the EYFS is the source of children’s initial understanding of the world they live in.The need to develop a sense of history learning in the EYFS has been addressed by looking at the importance of invoking interest about the past. Furthermore, Ofsted (2011) found that history was a ‘popular and successful subject, which many pupils enjoyed’ (p. 5). This statement alone could be the rationale for teaching history in primary schools. A subject that can captivate students and encourage them to learn more is an underlying reason for that subject to be taught.